Scientific, Philosophical, & Political Developments 1648-1815 - Unit 4

Flashcards about Scientific, Philosophical, & Political Developments 1648-1815

Geocentric Model

The accepted model of the solar system before the Scientific Revolution, promoted by the Church, placing Earth at the center.

Heliocentric Model

The model of the solar system proposed by Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo, placing the Sun at the center.

Humoral Theory

The accepted model of medicine before the Scientific Revolution, based on the Greek physician Galen's model of the human body.

Inductive Reasoning

Bacon's scientific method which uses specific experiences or observations to come up with a general belief based on it.

Deductive Reasoning

Descartes' scientific method that starts with the hypothesis or general belief and tries to prove it.

Deism

A belief that countered organized religion during the Enlightenment.

Skepticism

A belief that countered organized religion during the Enlightenment.

Atheism

A belief that countered organized religion during the Enlightenment.

Social Contract

Rousseau's belief that was in direct contrast to the power of an absolute monarchy.

General Will

Rousseau's belief that was in direct contrast to the power of an absolute monarchy.

Mercantilism

The economic system criticized by Adam Smith, which was promoted by governments like France and Great Britain.

Free Market Economy

The economic system advocated by Adam Smith, in direct contrast to mercantilist policies.

Utilitarianism

A philosophy advocated by Jeremy Bentham.

Enlightened Despots

Eastern European rulers who used the Enlightenment ideas to maintain power and avoid revolutions.

Separation of Church and State

A concept believed in by Locke and followed by many states during the Enlightenment.

Religious Freedom

A concept advocated by Voltaire and implemented in some states during the Enlightenment.

Lycees

Public schools that used a standard national curriculum, implemented by Napoleon in France.

Enclosure Acts

Acts that forced small farmers off their land, leading to urbanization

Baroque

An artistic style that was extremely opulent, detailed, and over the top, used to express power and strength.

Neoclassicism

An artistic style that reflected simplicity and symmetry, emerging as the middle class became patrons of the arts.