IMED1001 - Anatomical Terminologies (Learning Anatomy)

(Prefix) Cardi-

heart

(Prefix) Osteo-

bone

(Prefix) Neuro-

nerve

(Prefix) Myo-

muscle

(Prefix) Auto-

self

(Prefix) Peri-

around

(Prefix) Somato-

body

(Prefix) Epi-

upon, on, above

(Prefix) Hyper-

above (normal)

(Prefix) Hypo-

below (normal)

(Suffix) -ology

study of

(Suffix) -itis

inflammation

(Suffix) -ectomy

removal of

(Suffix) -pathy

disease of

(Suffix) -physis

growth of

(Suffix) -al

pertaining to

(Suffix) -ic

pertaining to

(Suffix) -chondria

cartilage

(Suffix) -gastric

stomach

(Suffix) -cyte

cell

(Root Word) Viscera

internal organs

Supine

person lying face up

Prone

person lying face down

Sagittal Plane

- vertical plane, divides into left and right portions

- Midsaggital/Median: through midline.

- Para-sagittal: parallel to mid-sagital

Frontal/Coronal Plane

vertical plane, divides into anterior (front) and posterior (back) portions

Transverse/Horizontal Plane

- perpendicular to length, divides into superior (top) and inferior (bottom)

Oblique Plane

all other non-standard planes

(Direction) Ventral

toward the front or belly

(Direction) Dorsal

toward the back or spine

(Direction) Anterior

toward the ventral side

(Direction) Posterior

toward the dorsal side

(Direction) Cephalic

Toward the head or superior end (aka cranial)

(Direction) Rostral

toward the forehead or nose

(Direction) Caudal

toward the tail or inferior end

(Direction) Superior

Above

(Direction) Inferior

Below

(Direction) Medial

Toward the median plane

(Direction) Lateral

away from the median plane

(Direction) Proximal

closer to the point of attachment or origin

(Direction) Distal

farther away from the point of attachment or origin

(Direction) Ipsilateral

on the same side of the body (left or right)

(Direction) Contralateral

on opposite sides of the body (right and left)

(Direction) Superficial

Closer to the body surface

(Direction) Deep

farther from the body surface

(Direction) Palmar

toward the palm side of the hand

(Direction) Plantar

toward the sole of the foot

(Region) (Associated Viscera, Membranous Lining) Cranial Cavity

- Associated Viscera: Brain

- Membranous Lining: Meninges

(Region) (Associated Viscera, Membranous Lining) Vertebral Canal

- Associated Viscera: Spinal Cord

- Membranous Lining: Meninges

Visceral Layer

covers the organs

Parietal Layer

lines the cavity

(Joint Movement) Flexion

- brings ventral surface together, decreasing the angle between two body parts

(Joint Movement) Extension

- moves ventral surfaces apart, increasing the angle between two body parts

(Joint Movement) Hyperextension

- extension that extends beyond anatomical position

(Joint Movement) Abduction

- to move away from the midline

(Joint Movement) Adduction

- to move toward the midline

(Joint Movement) Circumduction

- one end stays fairly stationary, while the other end makes a circular motion

(Joint Movement) Medial (internal) rotation

Movement around a central axis toward the midline

(Joint Movement) Lateral (external) rotation

Movement around a central axis away from the midline

(Joint Movement) Pronation

rotation of the forearm so the palm faces posteriorly (palm facing backward)

(Joint Movement) Supination

rotation of the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly (palm facing forward)

(Joint Movement) Elevation

raises a body part vertically in a frontal plane

(Joint Movement) Depression

lowers a body part vertically in a frontal plane

(Joint Movement) Protraction

anterior movement in a transverse plane

(Joint Movement) Retraction

posterior movement in a transverse plane

(Joint Movement) Lateral Flexion

tilting the head or trunk to the right or left of the midline

(Specialised Hand Movement) Radial Flexion

see diagram

(Specialised Hand Movement) Ulnar Flexion

see diagram

(Specialised Hand Movement) Abduction of Fingers

see diagram

(Specialised Hand Movement) Palmar Abduction of Thumb

see diagram

(Specialised Hand Movement) Opposition of Thumb

see diagram

(Specialised Feet Movement) Flexion of Ankle

see diagram

(Specialised Feet Movement) Inversion

see diagram

(Specialised Feet Movement) Eversion

see diagram

Applying Movement

- a movement should always be accompanied by a joint:

- E.g "Movement" at a "Joint"

- e.g Flexion at a knee joint

Good source for movement visualisation

https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/directional-terms-and-body-planes