anatomy and physiology chapters 19- 20 lecture

In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by

repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers.

Another name for ventricular contraction is

ventricular systole

The fibrous skeleton of the heart consists of

dense connective tissue encircling the heart valves.

Which vein does NOT drain into the hepatic portal vein?

renal vein

The________________ is unique because it combines arterial blood from two different pathways; therefore, if one of the supplying arteries becomes occluded (blocked), oxygen rich blood can still reach the tissues that the arteries supply.

circle of willis

Which wave of an ECG represents ventricular contraction?

QRS wave

The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(n)

vein

How would removal of the blood plasma protein albumin affect capillary exchange?

Removal of albumin would cause decreased osmotic pressure in the capillary.

On which of the following blood vessels are you NOT able to detect a pulse?

facial vein

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

SA node (sinoatrial node)

Which of the following leads to the redness of inflammation?

increased blood flow

Which class of antibody has no known function other than as an antigen receptor?

IgD

A secondary response to an invading microorganism that has invaded a previous time is...

launched by memory cells and is more rapid, more potent, and longer-lasting than the primary response.

Which of the following cells is important in the innate immune response?

macrophages

Which type of leukocyte has a derivative known as the plasma cell?

B lymphocyte.

Which of the following cells is phagocytic?

macrophage

A virus differs from other pathogens in that it is

not capable of reproduction outside a living cell

Which structure allows lymph from the lower right limb to enter the bloodstream?

thoracic duct

T lymphocytes...

none of the answers are correct

Which of the following is not attributable to the immune defense system?

converts foreign chemicals into compounds that can be more readily eliminated in the urine

The right atrium receives blood directly from the

superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus.

Which statement regarding pulse rate and blood pressure is correct?

Pulse rate is directly proportional to blood pressure with differing levels of activity.

Which of the following does not pertain to an antery?

Possess valves to prevent backflow of blood.

During the isovolumetric phase of ventricular contraction,

the mitral (bicuspid) and tricuspid valves close.

Fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by

the lymphatic system

When the vasomotor center stimulates contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of arteries,

blood pressure increases

Cardiac output can be defined as

both stroke volume times the heart rate per minute and the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute

The term used to describe an abnormally slow heart rate is

bradycardia.

Which blood vessel tissue is thinner in veins than in arteries?

smooth muscle

Which nonspecific defense is correctly described?

fever - elevated body temperature inhibits microbial growth and increases phagocytic activity..

The molecules which are foreign and can invoke an immune response are called...

antigens

Which of the lymphoid nodules is most likely to see food antigens first?

tonsils

The elimination of self-reactive thymocytes is called ________.

negative selection

Why is clonal expansion so important?

to increase the numbers of specific cells

Which of the following is NOT important in the antiviral innate immune response?

microphages

If a thrombus forms in the anterior interventricular artery of the heart, which areas are impacted by the myocardial infarction?

right ventricle and left ventricle

Which of the following statements best describes arteries?

all arteries cary blood away from the heart

From which vein in the arm is blood normally drawn?

medien cubital

Afterload is

the arterial pressure that the ventricles must overcome to eject blood.

Impulses that are carried to the heart by means of the vagus nerve are

parasympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to decrease.

The distinctive sounds of Korotkoff are produced by

Turbulences as blood flows past the constricted portion of an artery.

Circulation is vital because it

supplies oxygen and nutrients to and removes wastes from tissues.

Bacterial multiplication depends on the availability of high concentrations of ________. (Hint: Think about fever.)

iron

Which occurrence is not characteristic of the inflammation response?

decreased phagocytic activity

The taking in of antigen and digesting it for later presentation is called ________.

antigen processing

Which nonspecific defense is correctly described?

fever - elevated body temperature inhibits microbial growth and increases phagocytic activity..

Which class of antibody is found in mucus?

IgA

Lymphocytes respond to antigens that have been processed and presented to them by...

macrophages

Which statement regarding pulse rate and blood pressure is correct?

Pulse rate is directly proportional to blood pressure with differing levels of activity.

Water and dissolved substances leave the arteriole end of a capillary due to _____ , and enter the venule end of a capillary due to ______ .

hydrostatic pressure being higher than osmotic pressure; osmotic pressure being higher than hydrostatic pressure

Which of the following layers of the heart is correctly matched?

Myocardium-middle muscular layer that contracts

Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?

contracting skeletal muscle

The blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during

ventricular systole

Which heart chamber has the thickest muscle layer?

left ventricle

Interferon, natural killer cells, and cytotoxic T cells exert antiviral and anticancer effects.

true

Select the most abundant immunoglobulin in the blood.

IgG

Which type of T cell is most effective against viruses?

cytotoxic T cells

With _______, the body fails to recognize and tolerate particular self-antigens.

autoimmune disease.

Enhanced phagocytosis resulting from a cell being covered by a Cd3b or an immunoglobulin is called ________.

opsonization

Which of the following is not a branch of the aorta?

pulmonary artery

During the isovolumetric contraction period of the cardiac cycle,

semilunar valves are closed.

Which of the following waves of an ECG pattern is/are correctly described?

P wave—depolarization of atria

The blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to allow the exchange of gases between the blood and tissue fluid are _____.

capillaries

Which statement regarding pulse rate and blood pressure is correct?

Pulse rate is directly proportional to blood pressure with differing levels of activity.