Migration

Stats

2021 Census - 16% born outside UK and 90% moved before their 45th

10% people in rural - less populated

Until 1980s UK has been an exporter of people

UN 2013 - international migration increased by 33% - globalisation is a driving force

Impact on UK population structure

Population size - 25% of births from mothers non-UK

Net migration - 583 000 immigrants

Age structure - immigration lowers the average age as tend to be younger - UK age age passport holder 41 v non - 31

Dependency ratio - many return once they retire and children can contribute when they’re older

AO3 - temporarily do add to dpr

Globalisation

Restrictions:

• obstacles

• Dangerous

• Passport privilege

• Money

• Outright restrictions

• Slavery

Differentiation - settlers, temporary workers, marriages, asylum seekers, refugees, students, studying and working abroad

Effects of globalisation

Vertovec 2007 ‘superdiversity’ citizens, denizens (rich who own prop abroad) and helots (slaves and exploited people)

Feminisation of migration

Almost ½ of all global migration are women

Western women less desiring to do domestic labour - Ehrenreich and Hochschild say that these services are increasingly done by women in poor countries

Men get more stability due to tech jobs being focused into them

Response

Political debate as there is the idea that they take our jobs and treated better. In reality those here illegally aren’t entitled to anything and assimilation can be counter productive as it could lead to people wanting to emphasise diff

Multiculturalism accepts difference but can be seen as shallow diversity not deep

Transnational identities

Globalisation has led to more diverse migration patterns - created a hybrid identity of multiple cultures