Abstract Data Types

Abstract Data Types (ADT)

A formal description of a set of objects sharing the same properties and behaviors, specifying the operations that can be performed without detailing the implementation.

Encapsulation

The bundling of data with the methods that operate on that data, restricting direct access to some components and preventing unintended interference.

Data Structure

An organization of information, usually in computer memory, that implements an abstract data type for better algorithm efficiency.

Mutator Method

A method used to control changes to a variable, also known as a setter.

Accessor Method

A method that returns the value of a member variable without altering it, also referred to as a getter.

LIFO (Last In, First Out)

A method of data organization and retrieval where the most recently added item is the first to be removed, commonly used in stacks.

Core Operations of Data Structures

Basic functions including adding items, removing items, and accessing items within a data structure.

Types of ADTs

Different kinds include Bags, Sets, Stacks, Lists, Queues, Trees, Heaps, etc., each differing in how they handle data.

Interface

The set of operations provided to interact with an abstract data type, hiding the underlying implementation.

Instance of a Class

An individual object created based on the structure defined by a class, carrying its own state.

Data Hiding

The practice of restricting access to the internal state of an object and protecting it from external interference.

Data Abstraction

The principle of hiding the complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts, allowing interaction without understanding the details.

Python List

A built-in data structure in Python that allows for ordered, mutable collections of items, manipulated through various methods.

Float Data Type

A representation of real numbers in computing that allows for decimal points, implemented with specific arithmetic operations.

Programming Language Independence

The ability to design ADTs and their specifications without tying them to any specific programming language, promoting versatility.

Stack Operations

Primary operations associated with stacks, including push (to add) and pop (to remove) elements.

Class Definition

A blueprint for creating objects, defining their properties and the methods that operate on those properties.

Private State

The internal state of an object that is not accessible directly from outside its class to ensure encapsulation.

Abstract Definition vs Concrete Implementation

An abstract definition specifies behavior while a concrete implementation provides the actual code that fulfills the specified behavior.

Example of Object Protocol

The methods and properties exposed to interact with a class instance, defining how that instance can be used.