Lab Midterm , Bones of the Lower Limb and Joints, Axial Skeleton and Upper Limb

anatomical position

axial

appendicular

prone

supine

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior

towards front

posterior

towards back

cephalic

towards the head

caudal

toward the tail

medial

toward the midline of the body; on the inner side of

lateral

away from the midline

superficial

close to the surface

deep

away from the surface

proximal

close to the point of attachment

distal

far from the point of attachment

cephalic region

frontal

forehead

orbital

eye

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

mental

chin

buccal

cheek area

cervical

neck area

trunk

acromial

shoulder area

thoracic/pectoral

chest

mammary

breast

sternal

middle of thorax

abdominal

abdomen

umbilical

belly button

pelvis

coxal

hip

inguinal

groin area

perineal

area between anus and reproductive organs

pubic

genitals

pudendal

external genitalia

octic

ear area

occipital

back and bottom of the head

vertebral spine

scapular

shoulder blade region

cervical

neck

thoracic

back

lumbar

back from ribs to hips

axillary

armpit area

brachial

arms

cubital

elbow

olecranon

bump of the elbow

antebrachial

lower arm

carpal

wrist area

digital

fingers

manual

hand area

femoral

front of thigh

geniculate

knee

patellar

front of knee

popliteal

back of knee

fibular

lateral lower leg

crucal

lower leg

sural

calf region

tarsal

ankle region

calcaneal

heel of foot

pedal

foot area

dorsum

top of foot

plantar

sole of foot

digital

toe area

saggital

coronal

transverse

right upper quadrant

Liver, Right Kidney, Colon, Pancreas, Gallbladder

left upper quadrant

liver, spleen, left kidney, stomach, colon, pancreas

right lower quadrant

cecum, appendix, right ovary and tube, right ureter, right spermatic cord

left lower quadrant

Part of descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Left ovary and tube
Left ureter
Left spermatic cord

integumentary system

skin, dermis, and glands

function of integumentary system

regulation and protection; prevents water loss

skeletal system

bones, cartilages, and tendons

function of the skeletal system

protection and support; blood cell production

muscular system

muscles attach to bones

function of the muscular system

movements, posture, and generates heat

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors

function of nervous system

regulates and coordinates sensations and movements, and many other functions

endocrine system

pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, and pineal glands; ovaries, testes, and pancreas

function of endocrine system

regulation and maintenance of growth, metabolism

cardiovascular system

heart, blood vessels, and blood

function of cardiovascular system

transport of nutrients and waste, immune function

lymphatic system

vessels, nodes, thymus, tonsils and lymph tissue

function of lymphatic system

immune response, circulatory functions, fat absorption

respiratory system

nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, lungs, and bronchi

function of respiratory system

O2 and CO2 exchange

digestive system

mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

functions of digestive system

mechanical and chemical breakdown of ingested foods, and absorption

urinary system

kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

functions of urinary system

waste removal, regulates pH, water balance

reproductive system

testes, prostate, scrotum. penis, ovaries uterine tubes, uterus, vagina

equilibrium

no net movement of solutes within the cell

semi permeable membrane

membrane that allows only certain things to pass through

isotonic solution

a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell

hypotonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is less than that of the cell that resides in the solution

hypertonic solution

A solution in which the concentration of solutes is greater than that of the cell that resides in the solution

solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution