Chemistry Unit 2 Acids and Bases

Acids

• Taste Sour

• pH < 7

• All acids have a H+ (hydrogen ion) aka proton since no e-

Weak Acids

• Lemon Juice (citric acid)

• Vinegar (ethanoic acid)

• Coke (phosphoric acid)

• Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)

Strong Acids (very corrosive)

• Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) - Strongest

• Nitric Acid (HNO₃)

• Hydrochloric Acid (HCl) - Stomach acid

Bases

• Taste bitter

• pH > 7

• neutralise acids

• All have OH group

Alkali

bases which are soluble in water

Weak Bases

• Soap/detergent/oven cleaner

• Toothpaste (stops tooth decay)

• Baking Soda

• Ammonia (NH₃)

Strong Bases (very corrosive)

• Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

• Potassium Hydroxide (KOH)

• Calcium Hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)

Acids/Bases and Protons

Acids are proton (H+) donors

Bases are proton (H+) acceptors

pH Scale

Goes from 0-14
Neutral Substances are 7 (green in universal indicator)

Indicator

Substance that changes colors in acids/bases
ex. Litmus Paper (Red in Acid, Blue in Base)
ex. Universal Indicator (Whole range of colors per pH)