WHAP Midterm Review Unit 3

What time period is Unit 3?

1450-1750

How did land based empires maintain and gain power?

Consolidate and Legitimize Power

Who established the Qing Dynasty?

Manchus

Where was the Qing Dynasty?

Central and South East Asia

How did the Qing dynasty consolidate power?

By reintroducing the Civil Service Exams

Who are the Mughals?

A Muslim state in India

Were the Mughals Sunni or Sufi Islam?

Sunni

Which empire used Zamindars?

The Mughals

What are Zamindars?

A taxation system where decentralized lords collected taxes/tributes for the emperor

What was the Ottoman Empire?

A state of Islamic Turks

Where did the Ottomans rule?

Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe

What type of army did the Ottomans have?

Gunpowder

What empire used the devshirme system and janissaries?

The Ottoman Empire

What was the Devshirme system?

the system by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries

How did the Ottomans centralize power?

By using the devshirme system

What are Janniserries?

enslaved Christian and soldiers

What empire used tax farming?

Ottoman Empire

What is tax farming?

A tax collection system to generate money for territorial expansion; the government hired private officials to collect taxes

Were the Safavids Shia or Sunni Muslim?

Shia

Where did the Safavids rule?

Persia

What religion did the Songhai follow?

Islam

Where was the Songhai located?

West Africa

What did the Songhai do the consolidate power?

Control trade and expand military

How did many empires and states consolidate power in the period 1450-1750?

By having a centralized bureaucracy

How did the Aztecs consolidate power?

By using a tribute system

What did each tribute state have?

a tribute list- goods the Aztecs wanted from each tribute

Why did the Aztecs want people from their tribute states?

For human sacrifice

Was collecting taxes a way that Aztecs consolidate or legitimized their rule?

Consolidated

Why did the Aztecs collect taxes?

To support military complex

What was the military used for in the Aztec empire?

To consolidate power

What was used in most empires to legitimize rule?

Religion, Art, Architecture

How did the Caliph legitimize their rule?

By using Muslim religious ideas to legitimize their successor

How did the Songhai legitimize their rule?

All their rulers converted to Islam

What religious conflict happened in Europe?

The Protestant Reformation

What was the Protestant reformation?

It challenged the Catholic Church leading to a split between Catholics and Protestants

What did the Protestant Reformation contribute to?

Christian Growth

What was the Ottoman-Safavid conflict?

It started with the Battle of Chaldiran (1514), and was caused due to the Shia and Sunni split between the Ottomans and the Safavids.

What was the effect of the Ottoman-Safavid conflict?

It deepened the split between Shia and Sunni Muslim

How did the Qing Dynasty legitimize their rule?

They commissioned art of their rulers

How did the Mughals legitimize rule?

They built Taj Mahal which showed that the ruler was great

How did France legitimize rule?

They built the Palace of Versailles to send a message to the people and keep tabs on the nobility to prevent overthrowing

How did Europe legitimize their rule through religion?

By using the Divine Right of Kings