Ch.16 Psychotherapeutic Drugs (Exam 1)

Before administering lithium to a patient, it is most important for the nurse to assess which laboratory value?

A. Blood sugar

B. Sodium

C. Urine osmolality

D. Hematocrit

B. Sodium

When patients are taking selective SSRIs for the first time for depression, which is most important to monitor for during the first few weeks of therapy?

A. Hypertensive crisis

B. Suicidal thoughts

C. Convulsions

D. Orthostatic hypotension

B. Suicidal thoughts

When providing teaching for a patient who is prescribed a selective SSRI, which statement will the nurse include?

A. The SSRI will work faster than the older tricyclic antidepressants.

B. The SSRI will have an immediate beneficial effect on the patient's depression symptoms.

C. The SSRI will not work well for severe cases of depression.

D. The SSRI may take several weeks to have a beneficial effect.

D. The SSRI may take several weeks to have a beneficial effect.

The nurse is assessing a patient who was prescribed sertraline 1 week ago. The patient states, “This medication isn’t working; I feel no different.” Which nursing response is appropriate?

A. “How often are you taking the medication?”

B. “Let’s talk to the health care provider about this.”

C. “You may need an increase in dosage.”

D. “It can take 4 weeks or longer for the medication to be effective.”

D. “It can take 4 weeks or longer for the medication to be effective.”

A patient with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder has been prescribed duloxetine. The patient asks, “Isn’t my health care provider also prescribing something for anxiety?” Which nursing response is appropriate?

A. “How much duloxetine has the health care provider recommended?”

B. “I’m sure it was an omission; let’s get the health care provider to prescribe an additional medication.”

C. “It is important that we only treat one condition at a time.”

D. “Duloxetine has been approved for use in treating both major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.”

D. “Duloxetine has been approved for use in treating both major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder.”

A patient who has just been prescribed lithium needs a laboratory appointment to determine serum levels for efficacy of treatment. When will the nurse schedule the appointment?

A. 2 weeks later

B. 4 weeks later

C. 6 weeks later

D. 8 weeks later

A. 2 weeks later

What dietary teaching will the nurse provide to Mr. Chandler who is taking lithium and sertraline and started a low-sodium diet 3 months ago to control his blood pressure?

A. “Continue a low-sodium diet to control blood pressure.”

B. “Consider doubling or tripling the dietary sodium in your diet.”

C. “A low-fat diet is important when you are taking lithium.”

D. “Resume your normal diet, and monitor your blood pressure daily.”

D. “Resume your normal diet, and monitor your blood pressure daily.”

The nurse is preparing to administer sertraline to a patient who reports taking warfarin. Which nursing action is appropriate?

A. Hold the medication and contact the health care provider.

B. Administer the medication and document.

C. Ask if the patient has taken antidepressants in the past while on warfarin.

D. Ask the charge nurse if sertraline can be given to this patient.

A. Hold the medication and contact the health care provider.

When caring for a patient who is starting sertraline, which side effect specific to this medication would the nurse discuss?

A. Lithium toxicity

B. Sexual dysfunction

C. Weight loss

D. Hypertensive crisis

B. Sexual dysfunction

The nurse is caring for a patient with a newly prescribed serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). Which patient statement indicates the need for more teaching?

A. “I am glad I will feel better in 24 to 48 hours.”

B. “I will take this medication exactly as prescribed.”

C. “I should not stop this medication without talking with my health care provider.”

D. “I will report symptoms of suicidal ideation to my health care provider or a suicide hotline.”

A. “I am glad I will feel better in 24 to 48 hours.”

The initial dosage that the nurse anticipates a health care provider will prescribe for a patient taking bupropion is _____ mg twice daily.

100

Which phrase describes the mechanism of action of duloxetine?

A. Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

B. Inhibits reuptake of dopamine and epinephrine

C. Produces endorphins

D. Produces glutamate

A. Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

In which area of the body is the majority of lithium absorbed?

A. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

B. Liver

C. Kidneys

D. Brain

A. Gastrointestinal (GI) tract

The nurse is caring for a patient who started lithium therapy 6 weeks ago. The patient states, “This medication is not helping me.” Which nursing responses are appropriate?

Select all that apply.

A. “It may take 2 to 3 months for the medication to become therapeutic.”

B. “The medication should be working by now; let’s contact the health care provider.”

C. “Your medication regimen likely needs to be adjusted.”

D. “The medication is working, even though you may not feel like it.”

E. “Does your family see a difference in your behavior?”

B. "The medication should be working by now; let's contact the health care provider."

C. "Your medication regimen likely needs to be adjusted."

The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of bipolar disorder and mania who has been nonadherent to medication therapy in the past. Which medication would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed by the health care provider?

A. Lithium

B. Sertraline

C. Duloxetine

D. Bupropion

A. Lithium

The nurse notes a patient’s lithium level as 0.1 mEq/L. Which prescription from the health care provider would the nurse anticipate receiving?

A. Maintenance of lithium dose

B. Increase in lithium dose

C. Decrease in lithium dose

D. Discontinuation of lithium

B. Increase in lithium dose

Which teaching would the nurse provide to a patient who has just been prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

A. “Do not abruptly stop taking the medication.”

B. “Take the medication in multiple divided doses.”

C. “You do not have to take the medication if you do not feel you need it.”

D. “You will start feeling better after your first dose.”

A. “Do not abruptly stop taking the medication.”

The telehealth nurse receives a call from a spouse who reports that the patient started sertraline 2 days ago and is now confused, anxious, sweating, and feverish. Which nursing response is appropriate?

A. “Take your spouse to the emergency department.”

B. “These are normal side effects of sertraline that will resolve.”

C. “I will make an appointment for your spouse to see the health care provider next week.”

D. “Tell your spouse to take the medication with food to lessen these side effects.”

A. “Take your spouse to the emergency department.”

Which effect is the priority for the nurse to educate a patient about who is newly prescribed duloxetine?

A. Suicidal ideation

B. Reduction in anxiety

C. Reduction in depression

D. Nausea and dry mouth

A. Suicidal ideation

A patient with bipolar disorder taking lithium reports still experiencing manic episodes. Which request would the nurse make to the health care provider?

A. Order a lithium level.

B. Increase the lithium dosage.

C. Discontinue the medication.

D. Prescribe an extra dose of this drug.

A. Order a lithium level.

Which education would the nurse include when teaching a patient who has just been prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?

A. “Do not operate automobiles or machinery when beginning to take this medication.”

B. “If you miss a dose of the medication, take the missed dose when you remember.”

C. “You should start to feel better after the first dose of the medication.”

D. “You will need to have weekly blood tests to ensure the medication is therapeutic.”

A. “Do not operate automobiles or machinery when beginning to take this medication.”

The nurse is teaching a patient about dietary restrictions related to lithium. Which response by the patient indicates that the patient understands the teaching?

A. “I will monitor my sodium intake.”

B. “I will be careful about my potassium intake.”

C. “I will eat foods that contain magnesium.”

D. “I will avoid foods that contain large amounts of vitamin K.”

A. “I will monitor my sodium intake.”

Which dietary recommendations would the nurse make to the patient who is taking lithium?

Select all that apply.

A. Decrease intake of coffee.

B. Increase intake of bananas.

C. Stabilize intake of salt.

D. Decrease intake of water.

E. Increase intake of meat.

A. Decrease intake of coffee.

C. Stabilize intake of salt.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a new prescription for sertraline. The patient states, “I am so glad I can take this medication while I am trying to get pregnant.” Which nursing response is appropriate?

A. “Yes, this medication is very safe during pregnancy.”

B. “This medication can never be used during pregnancy.”

C. “There may be risks to the newborn infant. Let’s talk with your health care provider.”

D. “You will need to reduce to taking a half-dose while pregnant.”

C. “There may be risks to the newborn infant. Let’s talk with your health care provider.”

Which phrase describes the mechanism of action of atypical antidepressants?

A. Varies with the medication

B. Blocks reuptake of serotonin

C. Blocks reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine

D. Blocks monoamine oxidase activity

A. Varies with the medication

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) to treat which conditions?

Select all that apply.

A. Major depressive disorder

B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

C. Panic disorder

D. Bipolar disorder

E. Posttraumatic stress disorder

F. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A. Major depressive disorder

B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

C. Panic disorder

E. Posttraumatic stress disorder

F. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder

A patient who is taking an atypical antidepressant for the first time says, “I’m glad this will start to work quickly.” Which response would the nurse provide?

A. “This will definitely begin to work quickly.”

B. “Atypical antidepressants take at least 4 to 6 weeks to begin working.”

C. “Your health care provider should have prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) in addition to this drug.”

D. “You should feel some relief in 1 to 2 weeks and the full effect in about 2 months.”

D. “You should feel some relief in 1 to 2 weeks and the full effect in about 2 months.”

A patient is admitted to the emergency department. The patient's heart rate is 112 beats/min. He is sweating and has muscle tremors and is agitated. The patient says, "I was depressed and took more of the pills the doctor gave me so I would feel better."

1. What does the nurse suspect is happening with this patient?

2. What treatment does the nurse expect to implement?

1. Serotonin Syndrome

2. Discontinuation of all SSRIs and supporting the patient to maintain homeostasis

Which information will the nurse include in patient teaching about SSRIs?

A.It usually takes 4 to 6 weeks until you will experience benefits from the medication.

B.The patient must avoid foods that contain tyramine.

C.If the patient develops an upset stomach when taking this medication, he should discontinue use.

D.The patient should take the medication at bedtime to enhance sleep.

A.It usually takes 4 to 6 weeks until you will experience benefits from the medication.

The patient tells the nurse that he is feeling better and stopped taking the SSRI yesterday. He doesn't plan on taking the medication again. When talking with the patient, which knowledge should guide the nurse's response?

A.Drug dependency will develop, so it is appropriate to stop therapy after a few months.

B.Drug therapy must be stopped as soon as the patient feels better to avoid serotonin syndrome.

C.The patient is the best person to determine when the drug therapy should end.

D.A 1- to 2-month taper period is indicated to prevent adverse effects of abrupt drug discontinuation.

D.A 1- to 2-month taper period is indicated to prevent adverse effects of abrupt drug discontinuation.

When doing an admission drug history, the nurse notes that the patient has a prescription for lithium. The nurse suspects that this patient has been diagnosed with which condition?

A. Bipolar disorder

B. Absence seizures

C. Paranoid schizophrenia

D. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

A. Bipolar disorder

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) both function by which mechanism?

A. Decrease the catecholamine release into the blood

B. Block the reuptake of neurotransmitters at nerve endings

C. Inhibit an enzyme that stops the action of neurotransmitters

D. Stimulate areas of the brain associated with mental alertness

B. Block the reuptake of neurotransmitters at nerve endings

A patient diagnosed with depression is being discharged with a prescription for tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) after no improvement of symptoms on a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Which instruction would the nurse include specific to TCAs?

A. The drug is contraindicated in cases of insomnia.

B. There is a risk of toxicity when this medication is taken with alcohol.

C. Take with an MAOI to maximize the effects of the medication.

D. This drug does not cause problems with sleep, constipation, or low blood pressure.

B. There is a risk of toxicity when this medication is taken with alcohol.

A patient who is prescribed duloxetine comes to the medical clinic with reports of restlessness, sweating, and tremors. The nurse suspects serotonin syndrome and questions the patient regarding concurrent use of which herbal product or dietary supplement?

A. Zinc

B. Vitamin E

C. St. John's wort

D. Glucosamine chondroitin

C. St. John's wort

A patient with a diagnosis of depression is being discharged with a prescription for a monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI). Which instruction would the nurse include for this medication?

A. Avoid eating aged cheese.

B. Encourage use of fiber supplements.

C. Explain the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia.

D. Emphasize that tremors are a common adverse effect.

A. Avoid eating aged cheese.

What is another approved and indicated use for the antidepressant bupropion?

A. Nocturnal enuresis

B. Smoking cessation

C. Tourette's syndrome

D. Orthostatic hypotension

B. Smoking cessation

A patient prescribed lorazepam for the treatment of anxiety states, "I feel drowsy all the time, and it's interfering with every aspect of my life." The nurse knows that a better drug therapy option for this patient is which anxiolytic medication?

A. Alprazolam

B. Buspirone

C. Chlordiazepoxide

D. Hydroxyzine hydrochloride salt

B. Buspirone

Which statement by the patient indicates the need for additional teaching on phenothiazine drug therapy?

A. "I need to change positions slowly to prevent dizziness."

B. "I will call my health care provider for abnormal tongue movements"

C. "I will need to wear sunscreen and protective clothing when outdoors."

D. "It is okay to take this drug with a small glass of wine to help relax me."

D. "It is okay to take this drug with a small glass of wine to help relax me."

Which laboratory test would be monitored closely to assess for a potential life-threatening adverse effect to clozapine?

A. Liver function studies

B. Complete blood count

C. Immunoglobulin levels

D. Glomerular filtration rate

B. Complete blood count

The nurse is monitoring a patient taking an antipsychotic medication for extrapyramidal symptoms. Which clinical finding indicates the patient is having an adverse effect from this drug?

A. Dry mouth and constipation

B. Blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg

C. Presence of myoglobin in the blood

D. Muscle cramps of the head and neck

D. Muscle cramps of the head and neck

What atypical antipsychotic medication would the nurse anticipate the health care provider prescribing for treatment of refractory schizophrenia?

A. Phenelzine

B. Trazodone

C. Amoxapine

D. Risperidone

D. Risperidone

What drug class does Lithium belong to?

A. Anticonvulsant

B. Mood stabilizer

C. SSRI

D. Atypical antipsychotic

B. Mood stabilizer

What is the primary use of Lithium?

A. Treatment of depression

B. Treatment of bipolar disorder

C. Treatment of schizophrenia

D. Anxiety management

B. Treatment of bipolar disorder

What is the most important safety concern when administering Lithium?

A. Risk of sedation

B. Narrow therapeutic index – risk of lithium toxicity

C. Risk of serotonin syndrome

D. Risk of hypotension

B. Narrow therapeutic index - risk of lithium toxicity

Therapeutic range: 0.6 to 1.2 mEq/L

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Lithium?

A. Mild tremor

B. Nausea and vomiting

C. Coarse tremor, confusion, severe diarrhea, or ataxia (signs of toxicity)

D. Mild polyuria

C. Coarse tremor, confusion, severe diarrhea, or ataxia (signs of toxicity)

What drug class does Bupropion belong to?

A. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

B. NDRI (Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor)

C. TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants)

D. MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

B. NDRI (Norepinephrine-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor)

What is the primary use of Bupropion?

A. Anxiety management

B. Parkinson’s disease

C. Bipolar disorder

D. Treatment of depression and smoking cessation

D. Treatment of depression and smoking cessation

What is the most important safety concern when administering Bupropion?

A. Risk of seizures, especially at high doses or in patients with eating disorders

B. Risk of liver toxicity

C. Risk of anticholinergic toxicity

D. Risk of hypotension

A. Risk of seizures, especially at high doses or in patients with eating disorders

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Bupropion?

A. Mild insomnia

B. Seizure or signs of seizure activity

C. Dry mouth

D. Headache

B. Seizure or signs of seizure activity

What drug class does Fluoxetine belong to?

A. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

B. TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressants)

C. MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

D. SNRI (Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors)

A. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

What is the primary use of Fluoxetine?

A. Treatment of depression, OCD, and anxiety disorders

B. Bipolar disorder

C. Schizophrenia

D. Migraine prevention

A. Treatment of depression, OCD, and anxiety disorders

What is the most important safety concern when administering Fluoxetine?

A. Risk of serotonin syndrome, especially with other serotonergic drugs

B. Risk of hypotension

C. Risk of dyskinesia

D. Risk of hypoglycemia

A. Risk of serotonin syndrome, especially with other serotonergic drugs

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Fluoxetine?

A. Mild nausea

B. Confusion, agitation, tremor, hyperthermia, or diaphoresis (signs of serotonin syndrome)

C. Headache

D. Dry mouth

B. Confusion, agitation, tremor, hyperthermia, or diaphoresis (signs of serotonin syndrome)

What drug class does Buspirone belong to?

A. Benzodiazepine

B. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist (anxiolytic)

C. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

D. Barbiturate

B. Serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonist (anxiolytic)

What is the primary use of Buspirone?

A. Acute anxiety treatment

B. Long-term management of generalized anxiety disorder

C. Bipolar disorder

D. Insomnia

B. Long-term management of generalized anxiety disorder

What is the most important safety concern when administering Buspirone?

A. Risk of dependence (less than benzodiazepines)

B. Risk of severe hypotension

C. Risk of serotonin syndrome if combined with other serotonergic drugs

D. Risk of renal failure

C. Risk of serotonin syndrome if combined with other serotonergic drugs

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Buspirone?

A. Mild dizziness

B. Severe agitation, confusion, or muscle rigidity (signs of serotonin syndrome)

C. Headache

D. Mild nausea

B. Severe agitation, confusion, or muscle rigidity (signs of serotonin syndrome)

What drug class does Trazodone belong to?

A. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

B. SARI (Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor)

C. TCA (Tricyclic Antidepressant)

D. MAOI (Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors)

B. SARI (Serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor)

What is the primary use of Trazodone?

A. Treatment of depression and insomnia

B. Bipolar disorder

C. Anxiety only

D. Parkinson’s disease

A. Treatment of depression and insomnia

What is the most important safety concern when administering Trazodone?

A. Risk of orthostatic hypotension and priapism

B. Risk of hepatotoxicity

C. Risk of hypoglycemia

D. Risk of bradycardia

A. Risk of orthostatic hypotension and priapism

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Trazodone?

A. Mild drowsiness

B. Sustained painful erection (priapism)

C. Mild dizziness

D. Mild nausea

B. Sustained painful erection (priapism)

What drug class does Clozapine belong to?

A. Typical antipsychotic

B. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

C. Mood stabilizer

D. Atypical antipsychotic

D. Atypical antipsychotic

What is the primary use of Clozapine?

A. First-line treatment of schizophrenia

B. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia

C. Bipolar disorder

D. Anxiety

B. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia

What is the most important safety concern when administering Clozapine?

A. Risk of agranulocytosis

B. Risk of hypotension only

C. Risk of serotonin syndrome

D. Risk of seizures only

A. Risk of agranulocytosis

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Clozapine?

A. Mild sedation

B. Fever, sore throat, or signs of infection (possible agranulocytosis)

C. Mild constipation

D. Mild dry mouth

B. Fever, sore throat, or signs of infection (possible agranulocytosis)

What drug class does Haloperidol belong to?

A. Typical antipsychotic

B. Atypical antipsychotic

C. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

D. Mood stabilizer

A. Typical antipsychotic

What is the primary use of Haloperidol?

A. Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and Tourette’s disorder

B. Bipolar disorder

C. Anxiety

D. Depression

A. Schizophrenia, acute psychosis, and Tourette's disorder

What is the most important safety concern when administering Haloperidol?

A. Risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and tardive dyskinesia

B. Risk of serotonin syndrome

C. Risk of hypotension only

D. Risk of hyperglycemia

A. Risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and tardive dyskinesia

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Haloperidol?

A. Mild sedation

B. Severe muscle rigidity, tremor, or sudden high fever (possible neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

C. Mild dizziness

D. Mild dry mouth

B. Severe muscle rigidity, tremor, or sudden high fever (possible neuroleptic malignant syndrome)

What drug class does Aripiprazole belong to?

A. Typical antipsychotic

B. Atypical antipsychotic (partial dopamine agonist)

C. Mood stabilizer

D. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

B. Atypical antipsychotic (partial dopamine agonist)

What is the primary use of Aripiprazole?

A. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and adjunct for depression

B. Anxiety only

C. Parkinson’s disease

D. Insomnia

A. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and adjunct for depression

What is the most important safety concern when administering Aripiprazole?

A. Risk of metabolic syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

B. Risk of hepatotoxicity

C. Risk of hypoglycemia

D. Risk of seizures only

A. Risk of metabolic syndrome and neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Aripiprazole?

A. Mild sedation

B. Severe muscle rigidity, high fever, or altered mental status

C. Mild weight gain

D. Mild dizziness

B. Severe muscle rigidity, high fever, or altered mental status

What drug class does Quetiapine belong to?

A. Typical antipsychotic

B. Atypical antipsychotic

C. Mood stabilizer

D. SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)

B. Atypical antipsychotic

What is the primary use of Quetiapine?

A. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and adjunct for depression

B. Anxiety only

C. Parkinson’s disease

D. Migraine prevention

A. Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and adjunct for depression

What is the most important safety concern when administering Quetiapine?

A. Risk of hypoglycemia

B. Risk of seizures

C. Risk of hepatotoxicity

D. Risk of metabolic syndrome, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension

D. Risk of metabolic syndrome, sedation, and orthostatic hypotension

Which assessment finding requires immediate intervention in a patient taking Quetiapine?

A. Mild dizziness

B. Severe hypotension, confusion, or signs of NMS

C. Mild weight gain

D. Mild sedation

B. Severe hypotension, confusion, or signs of NMS

Which of the following best describes Serotonin Syndrome?

A. A severe reaction caused by excess dopamine in the brain

B. A potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin activity in the CNS

C. A type of extrapyramidal symptom caused by antipsychotics

D. A mild allergic reaction to SSRIs

B. A potentially life-threatening condition caused by excessive serotonin activity in the CNS

Which triad of symptoms is characteristic of Serotonin Syndrome?

A. Fever, bradycardia, constipation

B. Cognitive changes (agitation, confusion), autonomic instability (hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis), neuromuscular abnormalities (tremor, clonus, hyperreflexia)

C. Hypotension, bradykinesia, rigidity

D. Sedation, ataxia, dry mouth

B. Cognitive changes (agitation, confusion), autonomic instability (hyperthermia, tachycardia, diaphoresis), neuromuscular abnormalities (tremor, clonus, hyperreflexia)

Which of the following best describes Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)?

A. Side effects caused by anticholinergic drugs

B. Drug-induced movement disorders caused by dopamine blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway, often from antipsychotics

C. Withdrawal symptoms from opioids

D. Side effects of SSRIs

B. Drug-induced movement disorders caused by dopamine blockade in the nigrostriatal pathway, often from antipsychotics

Which of the following is NOT a type of EPS?

A. Acute dystonia (muscle spasms, especially neck and tongue)

B. Parkinsonism (rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor)

C. Tardive dyskinesia (involuntary repetitive movements, usually face/tongue)

D. Serotonin syndrome

D. Serotonin syndrome

Which is a common treatment for acute EPS?

A. Continue antipsychotic at the same dose

B. Administer anticholinergic agents (e.g., benztropine, diphenhydramine) or reduce/adjust antipsychotic dose

C. Administer SSRIs

D. Give opioids

B. Administer anticholinergic agents (e.g., benztropine, diphenhydramine) or reduce/adjust antipsychotic dose