Chemistry Solutions & Molality/Mole Fractions Quiz Study Guide

what is a solution?

homogeneous mixtures that may be solids, liquids, or gases

what is a solute?

dissolved particles in a solution (poured in)

what is a solvent?

the dissolving medium in a solution (poured into)

what is a saturated solution?

a solution that contains the maximum amount of solute for a given quantity of solvent at constant temps and pressure

what is an unsaturated solution?

a solution that contains less solute than what produces a saturated solution

what is solubility?

the amount of solute that dissolves in a given amount of solvent at a specified temp and pressure that produces a saturated solution

what is miscibile?

when 2 substances will dissolve in each other regardless of the proportions of either substance

what is immiscible?

liquids that are insoluble in one another

what is a supersaturated solution?

a solution that contains more solute than it can theoretically hold (dynamic equilibrium)

what is Henry’s Law?

as the pressure above the solution increases, the solubility of the gas in the solution increases

what is molarity?

the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1 liter of solution

what is a dilute solution?

a solution that contains a small amount of solute

what is a concentrated solution?

a solution that contains a large amount of solute

what is percent by volume?

the volume of solute to the volume of solution

what is percent by mass?

the mass of solute to the mass of solution

what determines how fast a substance will dissolve?

agitation (stirring), temperature (heating), and particle size of solute

what conditions determine the solubilities of solid, liquid, and gaseous solutes in a solvent?

temperature (all) and pressure (gas)

what would you do to change a saturated solid/liquid solution to an unsaturated solution?

increase the solvent (OG liquid)

what would you do to change a saturated gas/liquid to a supersaturated solution?

raise temp, add more solute, lower temp back, if more solute stays dissolved > supersaturated solution

how does the number of moles of solute before a dilution compare with the number of moles of solute after the dilution?

it stays the same

what are two ways of expressing the concentration of a solution as a percent?

by volume and mass

what is the formula for Henry’s Law?

S1/P1=S2/P2

what is the formula for Molarity?

Molarity (M)= moles of solute/liters of solution

what is the formula for making Dilutions?

M1 V1=M2 V2

what is the formula for Percent by Volume?

% Volume = volume of solute/total volume of solution x 100

what is the formula for Percent by Mass?

mass % = mass of solute/mass of solution x 100

what are the two ways of expressing the ratio of solute particles to solvent particles?

molality and mole fraction

what is molality?

the number of moles of solute dissolved in 1000g (1kg) of solvent

what is the formula for Molality?

Molality (m) = moles of solute/kg of solvent

what is molality also known as?

molal concentration

what is the mole fraction of a substance?

the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles of solvent and solute

what is the formula for mole fractions?

Xa= Na/Na+Nb

Xb= Nb/Nb+Na

what is colligative properties?

this is a property of a solution that depends only upon the number of solute particles, not upon their identity

1) vapor pressure lowering

2) freezing point depression

3) boiling point elevation