AS Organic Reactions Mind Map Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering reaction mechanisms, reagents, conditions, and functional group transformations based on the AS Organic Reactions Mind Map.

Free radical substitution

A reaction where an alkane reacts with $Br_2$ or $Cl_2$ in the presence of UV light to form a halogenoalkane.

Electrophilic addition (Alkene to Halogenoalkane)

A reaction where an alkene reacts with $HBr$ or $HCl$ at room temperature to form a halogenoalkane.

Electrophilic addition / Reduction (Alkene to Alkane)

A reaction where an alkene reacts with $H_2$ using a nickel catalyst or platinum to form an alkane.

Alkene Oxidation to Diol

A reaction where an alkene reacts with cold, dilute $H^+ / KMnO_4$ at room temperature to form a diol.

Nucleophilic substitution (Halogenoalkane to Alcohol)

A reaction where a halogenoalkane is heated under reflux with aqueous $KOH$ to form an alcohol.

Elimination (Halogenoalkane to Alkene)

A reaction where a halogenoalkane is heated under reflux with alcoholic $KOH$ to form an alkene.

Dehydration (Alcohol to Alkene)

An elimination reaction where an alcohol is heated with concentrated $H_2SO_4$ to form an alkene.

Partial Oxidation of Primary Alcohol

A reaction where a primary alcohol is gently heated and distilled with $K_2Cr_2O_7 / H^+$ to form an aldehyde.

Complete Oxidation of Primary Alcohol

A reaction where a primary alcohol or aldehyde is heated under reflux with excess oxidising agent ($K_2Cr_2O_7 / H^+$) to form a carboxylic acid, accompanied by a color change from orange to green.

Oxidation of Secondary Alcohol

A reaction where a secondary alcohol is heated under reflux with $K_2Cr_2O_7 / H^+$ to form a ketone.

Nucleophilic Addition (Hydroxynitrile formation)

A reaction where an aldehyde or ketone reacts with $HCN$ in the presence of a $KCN$ catalyst under heat to form a hydroxynitrile.

Nucleophilic Substitution (Halogenoalkane to Nitrile)

A reaction where a halogenoalkane is heated with $CN^-$ in ethanol to produce a nitrile.

Nucleophilic Substitution (Halogenoalkane to Amine)

A reaction where a halogenoalkane is heated under pressure with alcoholic $NH_3$ to form an amine.

Reduction of Nitrile

A reaction where a nitrile is reduced using $LiAlH_4$ to form an amine.

Esterification

A condensation reaction where a carboxylic acid is heated with an alcohol in the presence of concentrated $H_2SO_4$ to form an ester.

Acyl Chloride Reaction with Ammonia

A nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction occurring at room temperature between an acyl chloride and $NH_3$ to produce a primary amide.

Acyl Chloride Reaction with Primary Amine

A nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction occurring at room temperature between an acyl chloride and a primary amine to produce a secondary amide.

Acyl Chloride Reaction with Secondary Amine

A nucleophilic addition-elimination reaction occurring at room temperature between an acyl chloride and a secondary amine to produce a tertiary amide.

Hydrolysis of Acyl Chloride

A reaction where an acyl chloride reacts with $H_2O$ at room temperature to form a carboxylic acid.

Triiodomethane (Iodoform) Test

A test for methyl ketones or methyl alcohols using alkaline $I_2 \text{ (aq)}$, producing a yellow precipitate of triiodomethane ($CHI_3$).