organ systems

Integumentary System

The system that forms the external body covering and protects deeper tissues from injury.

Functions of the Integumentary System

Prevents loss of blood, infection, and regulates body temperature.

Melanin

A pigment produced by melanocytes that affects skin pigmentation, especially when exposed to UV radiation.

Vitamin D

A nutrient synthesized when the body is exposed to UV light, crucial for calcium absorption and immune system function.

Skeletal System

Composed of bones, cartilage, and joints, it protects and supports body organs and provides sites for muscle attachment.

Bone Marrow

The center of certain bones where blood cells are formed.

Muscular System

Composed of skeletal muscles that produce movement and maintain posture.

Skeletal Muscle

Voluntary muscle that attaches to bones and allows movement.

Smooth Muscle

Involuntary muscle that lines the digestive tract.

Nervous System

A fast-acting control system consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that responds to internal and external changes.

Hormones

Concentrated chemicals produced in one part of the body that regulate various functions via the bloodstream.

Cardiovascular System

Comprising the heart and blood vessels, it transports materials such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and waste in the body.

Lymphatic System

A system that returns fluids to the blood vessels and plays a role in immunity.

Respiratory System

Includes organs like the nasal cavity and lungs that supply blood with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

Digestive System

System that breaks down food for nutrient absorption and eliminates indigestible materials.

Urinary System

Eliminates nitrogenous wastes and maintains acid-base and electrolyte balance.

Reproductive System (Males)

Includes structures like testis and prostate gland, responsible for producing sperm and male hormones.

Reproductive System (Females)

Includes structures like ovaries and uterus, responsible for producing eggs and female hormones.