Positive Acute Phase Reactants

C-reactive Protein

Produced by the liver in response to cytokines such as

IL-6.

C-reactive Protein

It enhances phagocytosis by helping immune cells

recognize and destroy pathogens.

C-reactive Protein

acting as an opsonin

Fibrinogen

Promotes blood clotting to limit tissue damage and start

tissue repair.

Fibrinogen

Also enhances the migration of immune cells to the site of

inflammation.

Anti-chymotrypsin

Inhibits proteases such as chymotrypsin to prevent

excessive tissue breakdown during inflammation.

Ceruloplasmin

Binds and transports copper in the body.

Ceruloplasmin

This helps reduce oxidative stress and modulate the

inflammatory response, preventing cell damage and

maintaining balance during inflammation.

Haptoglobin

Binds free hemoglobin released from red blood cell

destruction during infection or inflammation.

C3 and C4

are complement proteins classified as positive

acute phase reactants.

C3 and C4

enhance the ability of antibodies and

phagocytic cells to remove pathogens and damaged

cells.

Serum Amyloid A

Involved in immune cell recruitment

Serum Amyloid A

cholesterol transport during tissue injury.

Serum Amyloid A

These actions help promote tissue repair and reduce

the risk of infection.

Albumin

During inflammation or infection, albumin levels

decrease because the liver reduces its synthesis to

conserve amino acids.

Albumin

levels also decrease to lower osmotic pressure

Albumin

helping reduce tissue swelling (edema)

during inflammation.

Transferin

transport iron to body tissues

Transferin

During inflammation or infection, its level decreases to

limit iron availability for pathogens.