Humanities Exam Revision- yr 9

Biomes, food security, interconnection

Definition of biomes

A large area of the earth that is home to similar plant and animal communities

How does latitude impact the climate?

Biomes at higher latitudes (further away from the equator) are often cooler and drier

What is latitude and altitude?

Latitude is the measurement North and South from the equator and altitude is the height of an object above a reference point

What are biome characteristics?

Biodiversity, rainfall, locations, temperature/climate

What are the human impacts

Pollution, salinity, fossil fuels, deforestation

What are the 4 things impact a biome’s distribution? Sow carrots, eat lettuce

Soil, climate, elevation, latitude

What is the riparian zone?

The link between terrestrial and aquatic habitats. It is the area where land and water meet. e.g. beach or riverbank

Define food security

A state where people have access to enough safe nutritious food to sustain a healthy life

What are the 3 elements of food security?

Sufficient, safe and nutritious food

Threats to food security

Salinity, climate change, water scarcity, competition for land, armed conflict, non-native biodiversity, use of land for fuel

Define globalisation

The increasing connection between countries including economic, political and cultural exchange

What are the 4 different connections to a place?

Spiritual, economic, cultural, historical

What is a spiritual connection to a place?

Factors relating to a person's belief

What is a economic connection to a place?

Factors relating to employment and income

What is a cultural connection to a place?

Factors relating to the shared characteristics of a group or people

What is a historical connection to a place?

Factors related to past experiences, events or memories

What are the 5 different types of industries?

Manufacturing, food, construction, agricultural, entertainment

Impacts of poor transportation systems

It causes an increase to traffic congestion and limits access to essential services

What is a manufacturing industry? Give example

Makes products from raw materials by the use of manual labour or machinery. Example: clothes

What is the food industry? Give example

The production, processing, distribution, and sale of food products. Examples: agriculture and grocery retail.

What is the construction industry? Give example

Involves building, repairing, and renovating structures. Example: residential homes

What is the agricultural industry? Give example

Includes farming crops and raising of livestock. Example: crop farming and livestock ranching.

What is the entertainment industry? Give example

Produces and shares entertainment content such as movies, TV shows, music, sports and games. Example: concerts

What are the social, economical and environmental impacts of tourism?

Social- opportunities to learn about cultures

Economical- Provides jobs and support

Environmental- Investment in water quality, pollution reduction and infrastructure

How has technology assisted the tourism industry?

Allows people to find places to go, places to stay and things to do in certain places

What is one advantage of trade?

You can get products from other countries without having to travel there

What is one disadvantage of trade?

Supports larger companies that neglect wages, workers, and materials on a global scale.

Define monoculture, polyculture and subsistence farming

Monoculture farms grow a single type of crop over a field. Polyculture farms plant several kinds of crops on the same piece of land at the same time. Subsistence farming is when a farmer grows food for themselves and their family on a small plot of land.

What are the pros and cons (can be risky) of monoculture farming?

Pros: It is easier to take one kind of crop and grow it because of less specific needs.
Cons: Impacts the environment and increases pests and diseases

What are the pros and cons of polyculture farming?

Pros: Promotes biodiversity, reduces crop failure (Reduces pests, improves soil health)
Cons: Hard to manage various crops with different requirements and growth patterns.

Define seed domestication

When humans choose to collect seeds to save and replant the following year.

Define urbanisation and link to food security

The growth of cities as people move from rural areas. It increases food demand, strains supply systems, and reduces agricultural production.

Examples of raw materials

Water, vegetables, cotton, wood, oil, coal and metals.

What is salinity, and how does it impact food security?

When soil or water has too much salt, which harms crops. This affects food security by reducing food production and making it harder to grow enough food.

What are indigenous hunting methods, and how do they contribute to sustainable farming?

Fish traps assist sustainability by allowing access to food using non-invasive hunting that doesn’t hurt the environment. Fire assists sustainability by regenerating the land and encouraging the growth of helpful and non-invasive species of plants.

What is the difference between place and space?

Space is an area made up of connections. Place is somewhere made up of subjective features, human experiences, and cultural significance.

Name the continents

Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, and Australia

What does GDP stand for and what is it?

Gross domestic product and the measurement of a nations overall economic activity

Sustainability definition and example

Ability to maintain or support a process over time eg using paper bags

Fossil fuels definition

Non-renewable energy sources

How soil impacts a biomes distribution

All plants rely on soil for energy and nutrients to survive

How climate impacts a biomes distribution

Determines the temperature and precipitation of a biome, which influences which types of biodiversity can thrive there

How elevation impacts a biomes distribution

Higher elevations experience colder temperatures. The atmosphere is thinner at higher elevations and cannot trap heat as easily.

How Latitude impacts a biomes distribution

Affects temperature and sunlight, with low latitudes supporting tropical biomes and high latitudes supporting colder biomes

Pros and cons of subsistence farming

Pros: provides food security and low environmental impact
Cons: limited income and vulnerability to climate change

Differences between food availability and food accessibility

Food availability means having enough good-quality food consistently and reliably. Food accessibility is with enough available and within peoples’ reach so they are able to get what is needed