APII Lecture Chapter 26 Homework

Which of the following activities is

not related to kidney function?

lipid digestion

regulation of blood pressure

control of wastes in the blood

control of hydrogen ion and pH in the blood

maintenance of various blood ion concentrations

lipid digestion

When the bladder is full, urine is eliminated through the process known as

defecation.

emesis.

segmentation.

beta-oxidation.

micturition.

micturition

A glomerulus is

the horseshoe-shaped segment of the nephron.

the expanded end of a nephron.

attached to the collecting duct.

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

the source of erythropoietin.

a knot of capillaries within the renal corpuscle.

the cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal medulla.

renal sinus.

renal cortex.

renal papilla.

renal pelvis.

renal pelvis.

The condition called ________ is especially dangerous because the ureters or renal blood vessels can become twisted or kinked during movement.

pyelonephritis

floating kidney

renal failure

polycystic kidney disease

renal calculi

floating kidney

Capillaries that surround the proximal convoluted tubules are

proximal capillaries.

efferent arterioles.

corticoradiate capillaries.

vasa recta capillaries.

peritubular capillaries.

peritubular capillaries.

The glomerular (Bowman's) capsule and the glomerulus make up the

renal pyramid.

collecting tubule system.

renal corpuscle.

renal papilla.

nephron loop (loop of Henle).

renal corpuscle.

you have been diagnosed with lupus erythematosus, a severe autoimmune disorder with a wide variety of organ-related disorders. Your doctor is worried about how this will affect your kidney function. He says that you are susceptible to ________ because of the lupus.

pyelonephritis

glomerulonephritis

cystitis

renal calculi

polycystic kidney disease

glomerulonephritis

Filtrate first passes from the glomerular capsule to the

collecting duct.

proximal convoluted tubule.

nephron loop (loop of Henle).

minor calyx.

distal convoluted tubule.

proximal convoluted tubule.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

adjusting the urine pH.

secretion of drugs.

secretion of acids and ammonia.

reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

filtration.

reabsorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

The majority of glomeruli are located in the ________ of the kidney.

calyces

vasa recta

cortex

medulla

pelvis

cortex

Blood is directly supplied to a nephron by its __________.

efferent arterioles

renal arteries

cortical radiate arteries

afferent arterioles

afferent arterioles

The urinary filtrate first enters __________.

the collecting tubule

the glomerular (Bowman) capsule

the renal papilla

the proximal convoluted tubule

the glomerular (Bowman) capsule

________ is the most abundant organic waste.

Carbon dioxide

Creatinine

Uric acid

Urea

Ammonia

Urea

One of the organic substances

not

normally excreted by the kidney is __________.

urea

uric acid

protein

creatinine

protein

Sheila has been exercising at peak performance for about 60 minutes. She did not hydrate as effectively as she should have and as a result, her urine is deep yellow and low in volume. Which of the following is the most likely mechanism affecting this?

blood colloid osmotic pressure

net filtration pressure

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

capsular colloid osmotic pressure

blood colloid osmotic pressure

Which of these effects is NOT produced by sympathetic activation?

increased glomerular filtration rate

renin release

altered regional blood flow

vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole

increased glomerular filtration rate

The process of filtration is driven mainly by

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

blood colloid osmotic pressure.

solvent drag.

active transport.

renal pumping.

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

blood colloid osmotic pressure.

osmotic pressure of the urine.

capsular hydrostatic pressure.

capsular colloid osmotic pressure.

glomerular hydrostatic pressure.

A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) may lead to all of the following

except

less secretion of aldosterone.

decreased sodium reabsorption.

increased urinary loss of sodium.

reduction of blood pressure.

increased fluid retention.

increased fluid retention.

A decrease in blood albumin level will cause a decrease in blood colloid osmotic pressure. This will lead to a rise in the net glomerular filtration pressure. Are these two statements true or false?

The first is true; the second is false.

Both statements are true.

Both statements are false.

The first is false; the second is true.

Both statements are true.

Secretion of hydrogen ion by the PCT is by the process of

facilitated diffusion.

active transport.

cotransport.

diffusion.

countertransport.

countertransport

Chloride ions are reabsorbed in the thick ascending limb of the nephron loop by

countertransport with bicarbonate ion.

facilitated diffusion.

cotransport with Na and K ions.

active transport.

simple diffusion.

cotransport with Na and K ions.

The ________ is the plasma concentration at which a specific compound will begin appearing in the urine.

renal threshold

tubular maximum

hydrostatic threshold

blood colloid maximum

osmotic pressure

renal threshold

The process of ________ involves a carrier protein transporting a molecule down its concentration gradient.

simple diffusion

osmosis

facilitated diffusion

bulk transport

active transport

facilitated diffusion

A transport mechanism that can move a substance against a concentration gradient by using cellular energy is

bulk transport.

facilitated diffusion.

osmosis.

active transport.

simple diffusion.

active transport.

The ________ test is often used to estimate the glomerular filtration rate.

glucose tolerance

creatinine clearance

specific gravity

inulin

CBC or complete blood count

creatinine clearance

What occurs in the countercurrent multiplier process?

A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws water out of the tubules and urine.

Sodium is pumped into the blood while potassium is actively transported out of the blood back into the tissues.

Creatinine is actively transported out of the blood into urine.

Glucose and sodium are cotransported from urine back into blood.

Uric acid is excreted into the kidney tubules while urea

A higher sodium concentration is produced in the renal medulla that osmotically draws water out of the tubules and urine.

A patient consistently produces a large volume of dilute urine. This may be due to

dilation of the afferent arterioles.

excess aldosterone.

excess ADH.

hematuric oliguria.

absence of ADH.

absence of ADH.

When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) decreases,

the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

permeability to water in the collecting system increases.

water reabsorption increases in the nephron loop.

a concentrated urine is produced.

less urine is produced.

the osmolarity of the urine decreases.

Which of these is NOT a property of countercurrent multiplication?

It exploits the structure of the nephron loop.

It creates a hyperosmotic peritubular fluid in the kidney medulla.

It depends on active ion transport to function.

It is opposed by the vasa recta.

It is opposed by the vasa recta.

The detrusor muscle

compresses the urethra expelling urine.

functions as the external urethral sphincter.

compresses the urinary bladder expelling urine.

surrounds the renal pelvis.

moves urine along the ureters by peristalsis.

compresses the urinary bladder expelling urine.

The inability of the kidneys to excrete adequately to maintain homeostasis is

hematuria.

polycystic kidney disease.

renal failure.

glomerulonephritis.

calculi.

renal failure.

Insoluble deposits that form within the urinary tract from calcium salts, magnesium salts, or uric acid are called kidney stones or renal

calculi.

caries.

otoliths.

lithotrophs.

plaque.

calculi

Your doctor has diagnosed you with prostatitis, an inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland. One of your primary symptoms is

hematuria.

large amounts of dilute urine.

renal failure.

glycosuria.

urinating small volumes.

urinating small volumes.