Microbiology and Bacterial Diversity

These flashcards cover key concepts related to microbes, specifically focusing on bacteria, their structure, diversity, and interactions with humans.

What are microbes?

Microbes are microscopic organisms, which include bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses.

What is a defining feature of Archaea compared to Bacteria?

Archaea are single-celled and prokaryotic like bacteria, but they have a distinct chemical composition and genetics.

What is the primary role of intestinal archaea in humans?

They help digest complex chemical bonds in food, such as those found in beans.

How many microbial cells are estimated to be in/on the human body?

About 68 trillion microbial cells.

What contributes to the high mutation rate in bacteria?

Their fast reproduction rate and their ability to share DNA through processes like conjugation and transformation.

What are the three methods of genetic exchange in bacteria?

Conjugation, transduction, and transformation.

What is the significance of the bacterial cell wall structure in medical treatment?

The structure of cell walls determines whether bacteria are gram-negative or gram-positive, which affects their treatment.

What types of habitats do Archaea thrive in?

Extremes like very hot environments, very acidic environments, and very salty environments.

How do bacteria impact human health according to the lecture?

They influence physical and mental health through their interaction in the microbiome.

What is a major implication of having a diverse gut microbiome?

A healthy and diverse gut microbiome is essential for physical and mental health.