Neuroanatomy: Spinal Nerves, Brain Structures, and Nerve Plexuses

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81 Terms

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Spinal Nerve Proper

Mixed nerve where dorsal and ventral roots merge

<p>Mixed nerve where dorsal and ventral roots merge</p>
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Ventral Root

Motor root carrying efferent signals out of spinal cord

<p>Motor root carrying efferent signals out of spinal cord</p>
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Dorsal Root

Sensory root carrying afferent signals into spinal cord

<p>Sensory root carrying afferent signals into spinal cord</p>
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Dorsal Root Ganglion

Sensory neuron cell bodies cluster here

<p>Sensory neuron cell bodies cluster here</p>
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Posterior Gray Horn

Sensory processing neurons

<p>Sensory processing neurons</p>
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Anterior Gray Horn

Motor neuron cell bodies

<p>Motor neuron cell bodies</p>
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Lateral Gray Horn

Autonomic motor neurons

<p>Autonomic motor neurons</p>
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Gray Commissure

Bridge connecting right/left gray matter

<p>Bridge connecting right/left gray matter</p>
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Central Canal

Carries cerebrospinal fluid

<p>Carries cerebrospinal fluid</p>
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Posterior White Column

Ascending sensory tracts

<p>Ascending sensory tracts</p>
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Lateral White Column

Mixed tracts

<p>Mixed tracts</p>
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Anterior White Column

Motor tracts

<p>Motor tracts</p>
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Posterior Median Sulcus

Posterior spinal groove

<p>Posterior spinal groove</p>
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Anterior Median Fissure

Anterior spinal groove

<p>Anterior spinal groove</p>
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Dura Mater

Outermost meningeal layer

<p>Outermost meningeal layer</p>
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Arachnoid Mater

Middle meningeal layer

<p>Middle meningeal layer</p>
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Pia Mater

Innermost meningeal layer

<p>Innermost meningeal layer</p>
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Lateral Ventricle

Paired CSF-filled chambers

<p>Paired CSF-filled chambers</p>
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Third Ventricle

CSF space surrounding thalamus

<p>CSF space surrounding thalamus</p>
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Fourth Ventricle

Between brainstem and cerebellum

<p>Between brainstem and cerebellum</p>
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Cerebral Aqueduct

Connects 3rd and 4th ventricles

<p>Connects 3rd and 4th ventricles</p>
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Interventricular Foramen

Connects lateral to 3rd ventricle

<p>Connects lateral to 3rd ventricle</p>
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Frontal Lobe

Motor control & planning

<p>Motor control &amp; planning</p>
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Parietal Lobe

Somatosensory processing

<p>Somatosensory processing</p>
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Temporal Lobe

Hearing & memory

<p>Hearing &amp; memory</p>
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Occipital Lobe

Vision

<p>Vision</p>
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Insula

Taste, visceral sensation

<p>Taste, visceral sensation</p>
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Gyri

Elevated folds of cortex

<p>Elevated folds of cortex</p>
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Sulci

Grooves between gyri

<p>Grooves between gyri</p>
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Fornix

Memory pathway

<p>Memory pathway</p>
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Optic Chiasm

Crossing of optic nerves

<p>Crossing of optic nerves</p>
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Pineal Gland

Produces melatonin

<p>Produces melatonin</p>
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Mammillary Bodies

Memory relay nuclei

<p>Memory relay nuclei</p>
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Longitudinal Fissure

Separates hemispheres

<p>Separates hemispheres</p>
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Lateral Fissure

Separates temporal lobe

<p>Separates temporal lobe</p>
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Transverse Fissure

Separates cerebrum/cerebellum

<p>Separates cerebrum/cerebellum</p>
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Central Sulcus

Separates frontal & parietal

<p>Separates frontal &amp; parietal</p>
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Precentral Gyrus

Primary motor cortex

<p>Primary motor cortex</p>
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Postcentral Gyrus

Primary sensory cortex

<p>Primary sensory cortex</p>
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Cervical Plexus

Neck region nerves

<p>Neck region nerves</p>
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Brachial Plexus

Upper limb innervation

<p>Upper limb innervation</p>
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Lumbar Plexus

Anterior thigh innervation

<p>Anterior thigh innervation</p>
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Sacral Plexus

Posterior thigh & leg innervation

<p>Posterior thigh &amp; leg innervation</p>
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Musculocutaneous Nerve

Arm flexors

<p>Arm flexors</p>
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Radial Nerve

Extensors of arm/forearm

<p>Extensors of arm/forearm</p>
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Median Nerve

Forearm flexors & thumb

<p>Forearm flexors &amp; thumb</p>
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Ulnar Nerve

Hand muscles

<p>Hand muscles</p>
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Axillary Nerve

Deltoid & teres minor

<p>Deltoid &amp; teres minor</p>
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Femoral Nerve

Anterior thigh

<p>Anterior thigh</p>
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Obturator Nerve

Thigh adductors

<p>Thigh adductors</p>
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Sciatic Nerve

Largest nerve, posterior thigh

<p>Largest nerve, posterior thigh</p>
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Tibial Nerve

Posterior leg muscles

<p>Posterior leg muscles</p>
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Fibular Nerve

Anterior/lateral leg

<p>Anterior/lateral leg</p>
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Sclera

Tough white outer layer

<p>Tough white outer layer</p>
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Cornea

Refracts light

<p>Refracts light</p>
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Iris

Controls pupil size

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Pupil

Light entry opening

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Lens

Focuses light

<p>Focuses light</p>
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Retina

Photoreceptors

<p>Photoreceptors</p>
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Choroid

Vascular layer

<p>Vascular layer</p>
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Ciliary Body

Controls lens shape

<p>Controls lens shape</p>
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Vitreous Humor

Posterior cavity gel

<p>Posterior cavity gel</p>
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Optic Nerve

Vision signal pathway

<p>Vision signal pathway</p>
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Superior Rectus

Elevates eye

<p>Elevates eye</p>
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Inferior Rectus

Depresses eye

<p>Depresses eye</p>
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Lateral Rectus

Abducts eye

<p>Abducts eye</p>
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Medial Rectus

Adducts eye

<p>Adducts eye</p>
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Superior Oblique

Depresses/rotates eye

<p>Depresses/rotates eye</p>
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Inferior Oblique

Elevates/rotates eye

<p>Elevates/rotates eye</p>
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Auricle

Funnels sound

<p>Funnels sound</p>
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External Acoustic Meatus

Sound canal

<p>Sound canal</p>
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Tympanic Membrane

Vibrates with sound

<p>Vibrates with sound</p>
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Malleus

First ossicle

<p>First ossicle</p>
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Incus

Middle ossicle

<p>Middle ossicle</p>
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Stapes

Final ossicle

<p>Final ossicle</p>
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Semicircular Canals

Detect rotation

<p>Detect rotation</p>
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Vestibule

Detects linear motion

<p>Detects linear motion</p>
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Cochlea

Hearing organ

<p>Hearing organ</p>
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Cochlear Nerve

Hearing signals

<p>Hearing signals</p>
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Vestibular Nerve

Balance signals

<p>Balance signals</p>
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Eustachian Tube

Equalizes pressure

<p>Equalizes pressure</p>