Chapter 21

Crisis Cause

• perceived challenge or threat that overwhelms the capacity of the individual to cope effectively with the event

Crisis Response

• adaptive or nonadaptive responses to maturational, situational, or traumatic experiences

Crisis Teamwork/Collaboration

• Return to precrisis level of functioning

• Develop better coping skills

Crisis Therapeutic Relationship

• Trust

• Patient

• Empathy

Crisis Interventions

• Treat life-threatening injuries

• Arrange food/shelter

• Mobilize social support

Loss

• evoke minor to complex thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Grief

• Intense, emotional reaction to the loss of a loved one; biopsychosocial response that often includes spontaneous expression of pain, sadness, and desolation

Grief Stages

1. Predeath

   • begins before the actual death occurs

2. Active

   • initial response right after the loss.

3. Integrated

   • the person begins to adjust and carry the loss more peacefully

4. Prolonged

   • Grief that doesn’t ease over time and interferes with daily life

Bereavement

• Process of mourning and coping with the loss of a loved one beginning immediately after the loss but possibly lasting months or years

Types of Bereavement

1. Uncomplicated Bereavement

2. Traumatic Grief

   • Sudden

   • Violence

3. Complicated Bereavement

   • Frozen in a state of chronic mourning, 6+ months

Grief Therapeutic Relationship

• Avoid giving reassurance everything will be fine

• Listening is key

• Open, non-judgmental

Disaster

• A sudden, overwhelming, catastrophic event causing great damage and destruction

Phases of Disaster

1. Prewarning

2. Disaster event occurs

3. Recuperative effort