PPL Study

61.103

PPL Eligibility Requirements

61.105

PPL Aeronotical Knowledge (Ground)

61.107

PPL Fligh Proficiency (Time Requiriments)

61.109

PPL Aeronotical Experience (Hour Requirements)

61.113

PPL Privilege and Limitations

67.401

Special issuance of medical certificates (SODA)

61.23

PPL Medical Certificate:Requiriments and Duration

Part 71

Airspace Classes A,B,C,D,E

Part 73

Special Use Airspace

91.129

Class D

91.130

Class C

91.131

Class B

91.133

Restricted and Prohibited Areas

91.135

Class A

91.151

Fuel requiriments for Flight in VFR condictions

91.155

Basic VFR weather minimums

91.205

VFR Equipments (atomatoflames and flaps)

91.209

Aircraft lights

91.211

Supplemental oxygen

61.83

SP Eligibility Requirements

61.87

SP Solo requirements

TFRs

91.137, 91.138, 91.141, 91.143, 91.144, 91.145

Bernoulli’s Principle

Air is a fluid as that fluid “is restrict” it speeds up. Newton’s 3rd law states that every action has an equall opposite reaction. Beacause that air is getting restrict it creates an area of low presssure.

Ailron’s

Movement-Banking, Axis-Longitudinal, Stability-Lateral

Elevator

Movement-Pitching, Axis-Lateral, Stability-Longitudinal

Rudder

Movement-Yawin, Axis-vertical, Stability-Directional

Controlability

The capability of the aircraft to respond to the pilot’s control inputs to maneuver the aircraft as desired.

Stability

The inherent ability of an aircraft to return to a condition of equilibrium after being disturbed.

Maneuverability

The aircraft's ability to change direction along all three axes (pitch, roll, yaw) and withstand the associated aerodynamic forces (like G-loads) without structural failure.

Types of Stability

Static stability, Dynamic stability

Dynamic stability

refers to the aircraft's behavior over time after the disturbance.

Static stability

refers to the initial tendency to return.

Positive Static Stability

The aircraft initially tends to return to its original position after a disturbance.

Neutral Static Stability

After a disturbance, the aircraft tends to stay in the new position instead of returning or diverging.

Negative Static Stability

After a disturbance, the aircraft tends to move further away from the original position.

Positive dynamic stability

The aircraft oscillates back to level flight with decreasing amplitude.

Neutral dynamic stability

Oscillations continue, but amplitude stays the same.

Negative dynamic stability

Oscillations grow worse and worse — unstable.

Ground Effect

the increased lift and decreased induced drag that occurs when an aircraft is flying within approximately one wingspan of the ground.

Wingtip Vortices

Wingtip vortices are spiraling air patterns created at the wingtips due to pressure differences between the upper and lower surfaces of the wing

stall

when the angle of attack (AOA) of the wing exceeds the critical angle, resulting in a sudden loss of lift.

What is Va?

is the maximum speed at which the limit load factor can be imposed (either by turbulence or by full control input) without causing structural damage to the aircraft.

Types of Drag

Parasite Drag, Induced Drag Curve

Types of Parasite Drag

Form, Skin, Interference

What is the Parasite Form drag

Caused by the shape of the aircraft and how air flows around it

What is the Parasite Sink frinction drag

Caused by air molecules rubbing along the aircraft’s surface

What is the Parasite Interference drag

Created where airflows meet at sharp angles