Spanish Culture and History Flashcards
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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts in Spanish history and culture.
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La Segunda República
A time in Spanish history (1931-1939) when the country became a republic, run by elected officials after King Alfonso XIII left. Marked by reforms, political conflict, and ended with Franco's victory in the Spanish Civil War.
La Vanguardia
Cultural and artistic movement of the early 20th century that aimed to break away from traditional ways of thinking, writing, and creating art.
Los -ismos
Futurismo (speed, machines, modern life), cubismo (used geometric shapes to break down reality)
El Segundo Siglo de Oro
Revival of Spanish art and literature in the 20th century, especially during the early 1900’s
La Generación del 27
Group of Spanish poets, writers, and artists who became active around 1927. They gathered that year to honor the 300th anniversary of the death of the poet Luis de Góngora.
Guernica
A famous painting by Picasso that shows the horrors of war.
Republicanos vs. Nacionales
The republicans were for the republic and the nationalists supported Franco.
Las Brigadas Internacionales
Group of foreign volunteers who came to spain during the spanish civil war to help republicans fight against Franco’s nationalist forces
El Franquismo
Refers to the dictatorship of Francisco Franco, who ruled Spain from 1939-1975
Franquista
Someone who supported Franco or his ideas.
El Movimiento Nacional
Only legal political organization during Franco’s dictatorship. Supported Franco.
La Sección Femenina
Organization meant to train women to follow traditional roles, serve their husband and country, and have children.
El Aislamiento
A time where spain closed its borders and was cut off from the modern world
Los “años del hambre”
The 1930’s and 40’s, especially right after the Spanish Civil War, when Spain experienced extreme poverty, less food, and starvation under Franco’s regime.
El “boom” turístico (de los 60)
The huge growth in tourism that Spain experienced in the 1960’s , which helped the country with poverty.
Las Nacionalidades Históricas
Cataluña, El País Vasco, Galicia
El Estatuto de Autonomía
A legal document that defines how a region in Spain governs itself, like a mini-constitution.
El Secesionismo (con respecto a Cataluña)
To separate from Spain and become and independent country.
ETA
A group that used violence to fight for independence, which became seen as a terrorist group.
La “Transición”
Change from Franco’s dictatorship to democracy in Spain. (1975)
El “milagro económico español”
Period of rapid economic growth in Spain during the 1960’s and early 1970’s due to foreign investment, tourism explosion, and massive migration.
El Euro
The official currency of the European Union that Spain started to use in 2002, replacing the peseta.
El “Paro”
Unemployment. People without jobs, usually after an economic crisis.
Tasa de Natalidad
The low birth rates due to undesirable living conditions and not being able to live and support a family sufficiently.
Envejecimiento
The population becoming older due to the low birth rates
Inversión
Putting money or resources into something like a country, project, or business, with the hope of getting more money back later.
Industrias Principales
Agricultura y alimentación, construcción, turismo, tecnología y servicios (cataluña and basque country are more banks)
Productos de Importación/Exportación
Export: industrial goods, agricultural & food products, technology. Import: vehicles, technology, food, energy products.
“Tienda de Barrio” o Pequeña Empresa Familiar
Community culture, small shops run by families or local people.
La Globalización (Efectos)
Late globalization, increased access to opportunities and products, although it affected small businesses.
La “Crisis” (Económica)
Massive unemployment from real estate bubble, evictions, austeridad, emigration of young people
La Violencia Doméstica
Violence, usually from men to women. During Franco's time, women didn't have rights and the violence probably increased due to economic issues
El Techo de Vidrio
Prevention of women gaining higher positions of power. It’s not a law, but a social limit.
Los Gitanos
Nomads of ancient asian descent that were oppressed by the Spanish.
El “Fenómeno” de la Inmigración
Significant rise in immigration into Spain, especially of women. Sending money back to the family.
El Racismo vs. La Xenofobia
Racismo is based on the race of the person and xenofobia is based on being a foreigner.
Ley(es) de Extranjería
Laws that govern the rights and legal status of foreigners.
Ley de Memoria Histórica
Recognizes victims of Spanish Civil war and Franco and sets out to restore justice for those who suffered.
El 15-M
Citizen-led protests (2011) because of high unemployment and political corruption.
La Generación “Ni-Ni”
After 2008 economic crisis, young people had trouble getting education and finding jobs.
La Fuga de Cerebros
Young people leaving the country to find better opportunities.
La Convivencia de Tradición y Cambio
Keeping older traditions, but embracing new traditions and social changes. As well as coexisting between the spanish identities.
El PSOE
Partido Socialista Obrero Español - democracy and labor rights.
El PP
Partido Popular - right leaning, with conservative values, strong spanish national identity.
El 11-M
Spain's largest terrorist attack, bombing trains in Madrid by Al-Qaeda .
El Consumo Cultural
What people consume. Art, entertainment, traditions, global things, sports, festivals.
La Cultura de Masas
Televisión, radio, cine, música, internet, advertising. Culture accessible to all.
La Cultura Popular
Spanish traditions or practices, flamenco, fiestas & celebraciones, religión, toreo, plaza de toros.
La Alta Cultura
Museums, universities, opera, literature, things meant for the higher class, formal education.
La Tauromaquia/El Toreo/La “Fiesta Nacional”
Bullfighting and running of the bulls.
Las Fiestas Populares vs. Las Fiestas Organizadas o Turísticas
Populares: popular culture, community based, traditional celebrations. Turisticas is with the goal of gaining attention.
Revista/Programa de Corazón
Programs about the personal and romantic lives of celebrities
Las Subvenciones del Estado
Financial aids provided by the government to support activities that serve public interest.
La “Pervivencia de los Signos Culturales”
Keeping the culture alive amidst change in the world. Continuing tradition.
La Cultura Local vs. La Global
Local is historical customs, languages, traditions. Global is globalization, technology, media.
La Tradición y la Modernidad
Keeping tradition, embracing modernity (social change while keeping traditions)