CSCI 1301 Exam 1-UGA

Hardware

The physical components of a computer.

Software

written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory

main memory

holds current memory, volatile (goes away)

auxiliary memory

exists once the computer turns off (hard drive)

input

keyboard, mouse, etc.

output

monitor, printer, etc.

RAM

Random Access Memory - is the main memory, and the hard drive is the principal

CPU

(Central Processing Unit) The key component of a computer system, which contains the circuitry necessary to interpret and execute program instructions

1 bit

smallest unit

4 bits

nibble

8 bits

1 byte

1,000 bytes

1 KB

1 million bytes (1,000 kilobytes)

1 MB

1 billion bytes (1,000 megabytes)

1 GB

bytes in larger units are ____

files

Files are organized into ____

folders or directories

machine language

(what the computer understands)- is a "low-level language" which is binary (01001101)

"high-level language"

A programming language like Java that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

JVM

Java Virtual Machine, an interpreter for compiled Java bytecodes - translates and runs the Java bytecode

OOP

Object-Oriented Programming- views a program as similarly consisting of objects that can act alone or interact with one another

Encapsulation

packages and hides details

Polymorphism

allows the same program instruction to mean different things in different contexts - one method name causes many different actions

Inheritance

is the way of organizing classes

code HelloWorld

public class HelloWorld{

public static void main(String[] args){

System.out.print("Hello World");

}

}

Variable(s)

store data and/or values

data types

say what the variable is storing

int

whole numbers

double or float

decimals

char

characters (letters)

boolean

true or false

string

words/phrase

primitive types

int, char, double/float

constants

variables that next change in your code - written as:

final int thisNumber = 4;

or

int THIS_NUMBER = 4;

True or false:

Java is case sensitive

true

"keywords" that should NEVER be included in your code

if, public, class, while, for, print, etc.

order of data types by size:

byte-short-int-long-float-double

e notation: 4x10^8

4e^8

"="

the assignment operator, gives a variable a value

"+"

"-"

"*"

"/"

"()"

"%"

math operators

++

increment by 1

--

decrement by 1

Type casting

Converting data from one type to another, e.g., from string to int

//

comments out rest of the line

/ /

comments out multiple lines

if statement operators:

<

>

<=

>=

==

!=

||

&&

respectively:

less than

greater than

less than or equal to

greater than or equal to

equals

does not equal

or

and

lexicographic order

similar to alphabetical order and is sometimes, but not always, the same as alphabetical order - the letters and characters are ordered according to their Unicode sequence

.length ();

returns int of how long the string is

.indexOf();

returns the index of a letter (position, because String starts with index 0)

.equals();

.equalsIgnoreCase();

equality of 2 strings (just like == is for int)

.toUpperCase();

.toLowerCase();

all characters to upper case or lower case

.compareTo();

compares to help with ordering alphabetic characters

-If compare x1 to x2 and returns >0(+) then x1 comes after x2

-If compare x1 to x2 and returns <0(-) then x1 comes before x2

-if compare x1 to x2 and returns 0 then x1 ad x2 are equal

\t

tab

\n

forces to next line

switch statement

allows multi-way branching. In many cases, using a switch statement can simplify a complex combination of if-else statements.

enumerations

limit the amount of values a variable can have

while loop

repeats while the boolean expression is true

do-while loop

same as the while loop expect the body of the loop is executed at least one time

for loop

used typically when you want the body to run a specific number of times

an array

a collection of variables of the same type

double [ ] temp = new double [7];

True or False:

Java arrays start at 0

True

arrays are indexed with ____

int

illegal identifiers

-identifiers cannot have a dot, hyphen, or an asterisk

-identifiers cannot start with a digit

only create ____ scanner object (import java.util.scanner;)

one

True or false:

When naming a constant, you should use upper-case characters in the name with an underscore between the words and the data type at the end of the name.

true

doing int 9 divided by int 10 will give you ___ (an integer answer)

0

the mod (%) operator

gives the remainder of int after after division

strings can be concatenated using the ___ operator

+

"\\\\" = ?

"\\" - 2 characters

tautology

when the expression is always true

contradiction

when the expression is always false

contingency

when the expression has at least one true or false

== is appropriate when...

determining if 2 ints, booleans, or chars have the same value

in lexicographic order numbers come before _____ , and capital letters come before _____

letters ; lowercase

ternary (conditional operator)

useful with print and println statemtents, but not used often

the exit method

System.exit(0);

logic error

errors that are not detected during compilation or while running, but which causes the program to produce incorrect results

runtime error

errors are detected when the program is running, but not during compilation

syntax error

grammatical mistakes in a program