equine dz, estrus cycle

Soft swelling occurring on the medial part of hock

Bog spavin

Bony growth usually on medial and distal portion of the hock

Bone spavin

Enlarged, stretched DDFT behind the cannon

Bowed tendon

Osteoarthritis of the joints of the pastern

Ringbone

Separation of hoof wall from laminae at the white line

White Line Disease/ Seedy Toe

Inflammation of the subcutaneous bursa

Capped Elbow/ Capped Hock

Ossification of the lateral cartilages

Sidebones

Bony deposits on the upper part of the cannon

Splints

Atrophy of single muscle or group of muscles

Sweeney

Puffy swelling that occurs on either side of the tendons above the fetlock

Wind puff

The failure of the interdigitation of the laminae between hoof wall and coffin bone

laminitis

Inflammation or degradation of the distal sesamoid and surrounding tissues.

Navicular Disease

Ventral deviation of thoracic spine

Lordosis/ swayback

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Guttural pouch mycosis

aspergillus sp, fungus

what is the genus spp and type of disease is ringworm

microsporum sp/trichophyton sp, fungus

what is the genus spp and type of disease is bloodworm

strongylus vulgaris, parasite

what is the genus spp and type of disease is red worm

cyanthostomes, parasite

what is the genus spp and type of disease is roundworm/ascarid

parascaris equorum, parasite

what is the genus spp and type of disease is tapeworm

anoplocephala perfoliate, parasite

what is the genus spp and type of disease is pinworm

oxyuris equi, parasite

what is the genus spp and type of disease is bot fly

gasterophilus sp, parasite

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis (EPM)

sarcocystic neurona, protozoa

what is the genus spp and type of disease is thrush

Fusobacterium necrophorum, GNROD

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Rain Rot

Dermatophilus congolensis, GPROD

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Strangles/Equine distemper

Strep equi equi, GPCOC

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Pigeon Fever/Ulcerative Lymphangitis

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, GPCOC

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Rhodococcus

Rhodococcus equi, GPROD

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Botulism/Shaker Foal

Clostridium botulinum, LGPROD

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Tetanus

Clostridium tetani, LGPROD

what is the genus spp and type of disease is Potomac horse fever

Neorickettsia risticci, bacteria

what type of virus is Equine Influenza

H3N8

what type of disease is Equine Rhinopneumonitis

EHV-1/Equine herpes virus

what type of virus causes Equine Encephalomyelitis/Sleeping Sickness

togavirus

eastern, western, venezuelan

what type of virus causes West Nile Virus/WNV

flavivirus

what type of virus causes rabies

rhabdovirus

what type of virus causes Equine Viral Arteritis

Alphaarterivirus

what type of virus causes Equine infectious anemia (EIA) / Swamp Fever

Retrovirus

what type of virus causes vesicular stomatitis

arbovirus

what age range does Rotavirus affect

foals <6 months

what is the advantage to using an over the wire catheter

less thrombogenic, long term catheter

what age range is puberty for stallions

12-18 months of age

what are the three parts of semen analysis

gross, motility, morphology

what are the four ways of breeding

live cover, artificial insemination, embryo transfer, artificial insemination

what is the purpose of the UTJ

filters abnormal sperm

what is the purpose of the isthmus

reservoir for healthy sperm, capacitation occurs here (allows sperm to penetrate egg)

what is the purpose of the ampulla

fertilization occurs here

what is the purpose of the infundibulum

catches the ova

what is a pneumovagina and what is the treatment

wind suckers, major cause for bacterial infections, caslick surgery (sutures placed in vulva)

when do mares have an estrous cycle

seasonally polyestrus, march-october

how long is an estrous cycle

19-22 days (21 days)

what happens in proestrus

increased follicle size, increase estrogen, CL regression

what happens during Estrus

heat, LH surge

when does ovulation happen

24-48 hours after LH, is day 0 of estrous cycle

what happens during metestrus

decreasing estrogen CL formation

what happens during diestrus

progesterone increases, FSH goes down

what phase of the estrous cycle is the mare out of heat

diestrus

what is the purpose of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

released from pituitary, ovaries begin developing a follicle containing an egg when FSH reaches them, follicle produces estrogen into blood stream

what happens during ovulation

follicle ruptures and follicular fluid caries egg out, ruptured follicular cavity becomes engorged with blood and turns into Corpus Hemorrhagicum

how does the corpus luteum form

corpus hemorrhagicum luteinizes, CL produces progesterone

what is the pregnancy hormone

progesterone, maintains uterine environment to be conducive to fetal development, inhibits pituitary from releasing LH

what is the purpose of prostaglandins

released into by the uterus if no pregnancy detected, causes CL to regress and progesterone levels to decrease

what is day 0 of estrous cycle

ovulation, LH surge to cause ovulation (1 day before end of estrus)

what is day 1-4 of estrous cycle

metestrus, Cl development, produces progesterone and uterine milk (nourishes embryo), forms thick plug in cervix, prevents FSH release to prevent dominant follicle from forming

what is day 5 of estrous cycle

diestrus, fully developed CL maintaining pregnancy

what is day 10-13 of estrous cycle

maternal recognition

if not bred: prostaglandin released from uterus is no foal detected, regression of CL, increase in FSH and estrogen

if bred: embryo secretes anti luteolytic substance to prevent prostaglandin release

what is equine chorionic gonadotropin

produced by fetal tissue endometrial cups from day 40-140 to stimulate formation of secondary CL to continue producing needed progesterone before placenta secretes it at day 80-100

what is day 15-20 of estrous cycle

fixation

what is day 16-21 of estrous cycle

estrus, high estrogen, signs of heat

when is foal heats in mares

day 9-10 postpartum

what is a diffuse placentation

contact area is even dispersed across whole placenta between maternal and fetal

what are the three ways to detect pregancy

trans-rectal palpation (30-35 days post ovulation), trans-rectal ultrasound (14-16 days post ovulation), endocrine tests

how long is gestation

320-370 days (340)

what are the ways to thin twins

vesicle rupture (<16 days), surgical remove 1, decrease feed intake (60% loose 1 fetus), injection of potassium chloride into 1 fetus heart (56% success)

what vaccination should broodmares receive and when

Equine herpes virus (5,7,9 months gestation), EWT/Flu (4-6 weeks prepartum)

what is stage 1 of parturition and how long should it last

fetal positioning, 30 minutes to 4 hours, end of stage 1 = water breaks

what is stage 2 of parturition and how long should it last

delivery of the foal, 20-30 minutes

what is the 1,2,3 rule of foaling

1. foals should stand within one hour of delivery

2. foal should show ability to nurse by 2 hours

3. placenta should pass and foal actively consuming colostrum

what is lochia

placental fluid and debris

what are eponychium

golden slippers/fairy fingers

what should naval dip be made out of and how often should it be done

nolvasan 0.5% and betadine sol. 2%, dip 2-3 times per day for 2-3 days