CRJU 490 Final

What term describes how openly an LGBTQ+ officer shares their sexual orientation or gender identity at work, whether selectively, strategically, or completely?​

Outness/disclosure

What kinds of barriers, either structural or cultural, might make it unsafe or difficult for LGBTQ+ officers to be themselves on the job?​

1. Discrimination

2. Lack of supportive policies

3. informal norms of masculinity or heteronormativity

4. fear of retaliation

5. stigma from colleagues

Policing has historically targeted LGBTQ+ people. Name one way that law enforcement has controlled queer spaces or behavior.​

1. raids on bars or gatherings

2. surveillance of LGBTQ+ communities

3. enforcing anti-sodomy or morality laws

4. policing public gender nonconformity

Many diversity initiatives focus on hiring more LGBTQ+ officers.
According to queer criminology, why might this be insufficient for
real reform?

Because reform requires changing institutional culture, policies,accountability structures, and broader policing practices, not just increasing representation.​

Why do queer communities often distrust the police, even today?​
​

Because the mistrust is rooted insystemic and historical oppression,not just individual experiences.​

The act of targeting someone in court proceedings for harsher treatment because of stereotypes about their sexual orientation or gender identity.​

Bias / Discrimination / Unequal treatment

A legal defense in which a defendant claims that a victim’s LGBTQ+ identity
caused them to react violently

Gay or Trans Panic Defense​

Crimes motivated by bias against a person’s sexual orientation or gender identity
are known as what?

Anti-LGBTQ+ Hate Crimes​

Judges, attorneys, and court staff may face this in the workplace, which can also
shape how LGBTQ+ defendants and victims experience the legal
system.

Discrimination / bias​

One major barrier to understanding overcharging or plea disparities for LGBTQ+ defendants is that court systems do not collect what?

Measures related to LGBTQ+ identity​

Many prisons house transgender people according to what factor rather than their gender
identity?

Their sex assigned at birth.​

What is the common “protective” but harmful housing practice used for
LGBTQ+ people that often results in isolation?

Placing them in solitary confinement for “safety.”​

What aspect of prison culture contributes to increased
victimization of LGBTQ+ people due to strict norms around gender and sexuality?

Hypermasculinity​

What U.S. federal law was passed to prevent, detect, and respond to sexual assault and
sexual harassment in prisons, jails, and other correctional facilities?

The Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA)​

What essential form of medical care is often denied or inconsistently provided to transgender incarcerated people?

Gender-affirming health care​

LGBTQ+ incarcerated people may form informal networks
for protection and support. What is the common term for these networks?

chosen family

What major 1969 event—sparked by a police raid on a gay bar— became a turning point in
LGBTQ+ resistance to police violence?

the stone wall riots

Research shows that LGBTQ+
correctional staff face challenges
similar to LGBTQ+ inmates in
navigating what aspect of the
prison system?

1. hyper masculine norms

2. pressure to conform

3. hiding identity

Some states have banned this
defense entirely because it
excuses violence against
LGBTQ+ victims based on
their identity

gay or Trans Panic defense

Name one way modern
community policing initiatives can
still unintentionally harm LGBTQ+
communities despite intentions to
improve relations.

Relying on symbolic inclusion without structural change​

Name one type of injustice that
queer criminology often seeks to
address

Discrimination, heteronormativity, gender binarism, invisibility, etc.​

According to Matthew Ball,
queer criminologists can
expand activism through
what?

1. Research​

2. Teaching​

3. Service

What concept from broader
social justice scholarship has
been suggested as needing more
attention in queer criminology to
shape its legacy

abolition

Chapter 7 of Queer
Criminology (Buist &
Lenning) identifies several
gaps in the literature. Name
one of these gaps

1. Limited engagement with abolitionist thought

2. Underrepresentation of intersectional approaches​

3. Insufficient focus on sustaining and growing queer criminology

Name the areas outside of
academia where queer
criminology could
potentially expand its
activism.

1. Policy advocacy​

2. Community organizing​

3. Public education

Who wrote Queer Criminology,
one of the foundational texts
establishing the field as a
subdiscipline within
criminology

Buist & Lenning

Which authors wrote the 2024 article
arguing that queer criminology should
more directly incorporate abolitionist,
queer, trans, and Black feminist
theoretical frameworks from outside
criminology?

Walker et al. (2024)

Which authors conducted the 2019
study examining sexual victimization
of transgender women in California
men’s prisons using qualitative and
quantitative data

Jenness et al. (2019)

Which author conducted the 2022 qualitative
study examining how queer theories of
visibility and performativity help explain the
dynamics between police and young queer
individuals, including themes of over-policing,
underreporting, and mistrust of the criminal
justice system?

Girardi (2022)

Which authors conducted the
study using 249 mock jurors to
examine the factors influencing
acceptance of the “gay panic”
defense?

Michalski and Nunez (2022)