Adaptions of Organism

What are herbivores?

Herbivores are heterotrophs that feed on plants.

What mouthparts do insects use for herbivory?

Insects with jaw-like mouthparts and tubular mouthparts.

What specialized mouthparts do aphids have?

Aphids have stylets that secrete pectinase to break down pectin for accessing sap.

How do grazing mammals' teeth aid in herbivory?

Grazing mammals have flat teeth for grinding plant matter.

What is the role of bacteria and archaea in ruminant mammals?

They help to break down cellulose in the rumen.

What is one mechanical adaptation plants have against herbivory?

Cacti have sharp spines.

What is a toxic secondary compound produced by foxgloves?

Foxgloves produce a toxic compound that affects the heartbeat.

What are tannins and their effect on herbivores?

Tannins are chemicals that can deter herbivores with their bitter taste.

What are predators?

Predators are animals that hunt and eat other animals.

What are prey?

Prey are animals that are hunted and consumed by predators.

What are the three types of adaptations in predators and prey?

Chemical,: chemical compounds that assist in the catching of prey or the avoidance of predation

Physical: physical features assist in the catching of prey or the avoidance of predation

Behavioural: behaviours that assist in the catching of prey or the avoidance of predation

What unique dentition do vampire bats have? (P)

Vampire bats have small premolars, no molars, and large pointed incisors.

What does the venom of a Black Mamba do? (C)

It paralyses prey when injected.

How do grizzly bears catch migrating salmon? (B)

They use ambush strategies by waiting at waterfalls or watching underwater.

How do buff-tip moths avoid predation? (P)

They resemble broken birch twigs for camouflage.

What do cinnabar moth caterpillars accumulate for defense? (C)

They accumulate toxic alkaloids from the ragwort.

How do blue-striped snappers reduce predation risk? (B)

They swim in tight groups to detect threats and make it difficult for predators to catch them.

What adaptations do plants in dense forests develop for light harvesting?

They develop layers to capture light for photosynthesis.

What characterizes the forest floor layer?

It is the darkest, humid layer hosting insects and large animals.

What is the canopy layer?

The thickest layer that hosts most flora and fauna.

What are emergent trees?

Trees that grow above the main canopy to maximize sunlight exposure.

How do lianas acquire height for sunlight access?

Use woody vines that use tree trunks as a support structure.

What nutrients do lianas gain from their roots?

They gain nutrients and moisture from the soil.

What are epiphytes, and how do they obtain nutrients?

Epiphytes grow high in tree branches, gaining nutrients from the canopy.

What is a strategy epiphytes use to gain sunlight?

They benefit from being high up to absorb more sunlight without the need for extensive upward growth.

How do some orchids adapt to their environment?

Some orchids have aerial roots that absorb moisture directly from the air.