Cell-Cell Interactions and Signaling Vocabulary

Flashcards for Cell-Cell Interactions and Cell Signaling

Cell Signaling

Communication that keeps cells in sync with their environment and each other; key to survival, development, and function.

Ligand

The signaling molecule that binds noncovalently to a receptor.

Receptor

A cellular protein that recognizes a signal, allowing for interpretation of communication at the cellular level.

Direct Intercellular Signaling

When cells adjacent to each other have cell junctions that enable them to pass ions, signaling molecules, and other materials between their cytosols.

Contact-Dependent Signaling (Juxtacrine)

Signaling where molecules are bound to the surface of a cell and provide a signal to other cells that make contact.

Autocrine Signaling

Signaling where a cell secretes signaling molecules that bind to receptors on its own cell surface and on neighboring cells of the same type.

Paracrine Signaling

Signaling where a cell secretes a signaling molecule that influences the behavior of target cells in close proximity.

Endocrine Signaling

Signaling that occurs over relatively long distances using hormones, which are secreted into the bloodstream in animals or move through the vascular system in plants.

Signal Reception

The first stage of cell signaling, involving the detection of a signal by a receptor protein.

Signal Transduction

The process by which a signal is converted into a cellular response.

Signal Response

The cellular activity or change in behavior resulting from a signal.

Signal Deactivation

The process by which a signal is terminated, preventing overstimulation.

Second Messenger

Small molecules or ions that relay signals inside the cell after first messengers bind to receptors.

Crosstalk

The phenomenon in which one or more components of one signal transduction pathway affect a different signal transduction pathway.