Aviation Fundamentals and Flight Maneuvers Review

Vocabulary practice cards covering pilot operations, PIREP decoding, aerodynamics, and airspace regulations based on the lecture transcript.

Blue Dots (Sectional Map)

Indicates a wildlife area, national reserve, or national park where it is recommended to maintain an altitude of at least $2,000\,ft$.

Side Loading

A condition during landing where the aircraft touches down sideways instead of being aligned with the runway, creating a load factor on the landing gear.

Longitudinal Axis

The axis aligned with the airplane from nose to tail which must be parallel to the runway during touchdown to prevent side loading.

FAA Advisory Circulars

Documents containing non-regulatory information produced by the FAA that can be obtained from the Government Printing Office.

UA

A code indicating a Routine Pilot Report (PIREP), used to describe conditions like sky coverage or moderate turbulence.

UUA

A code indicating an Urgent Pilot Report (PIREP), used for severe or dangerous conditions such as severe turbulence or icing.

OV

A PIREP code standing for 'location'.

SK

A PIREP code used to describe 'sky cover' or 'cloud layers'.

Stall Speed Factors

Conditions that increase the speed at which an aircraft stalls, including extra weight, increased load factor from turns/maneuvering, and turbulence.

Maneuvering Speed ($V_A$)

The speed at which the aircraft will stall before breaking if there is a sudden full deflection of controls; it increases as the total weight of the aircraft increases.

Empty Weight

The weight of the aircraft including the airframe, unusable fuel, and undrainable oil.

Pressure Altitude

The indicated altitude when the altimeter is set to the standard pressure of $29.92\,inHg$.

Density Altitude

The Pressure Altitude corrected for nonstandard temperature.

Standard Day

A day defined by sea-level conditions of $15^{\circ}C$ and a pressure of $29.92\,inHg$.

Ground Effect

A phenomenon occurring within half a wingspan's height of the ground where wingtip vortices are interrupted, resulting in less induced drag and increased lift.

Thermals

Updrafts of warm air rising caused by the solar heating of the Earth’s surface.

Land and Hold Short Operation (LAHSO)

An ATC clearance where a pilot is cleared to land but must stop before an intersecting runway; student pilots are not allowed to accept this clearance.

CTAF

Stands for Common Traffic Advisory Frequency, used for pilot-to-pilot communication and self-announcing when a control tower is closed.

Pilot-Controlled Lighting (PCL)

A system to activate runway lights by clicking the microphone button: 7 times for high intensity, 5 times for medium intensity, and 3 times for low intensity.

Class Delta (D) Cloud Clearances

The requirement to maintain a distance of $1,000\,ft$ above, $500\,ft$ below, and $2,000\,ft$ horizontally from clouds.