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eye (sight) rhyme
words that look like they should rhyme, but don’t
feminine rhyme
when both syllables of the word rhyme
“motion / ocean”
figurative language
using a word beyond its literal definition to achieve a more complex meaning
figure of speech
expression that is not literally true
foil
a character the contrasts with another character in order to highlight qualities in the other
foreshadowing
indication of the future
free verse
poetry that does not rhyme
genre
categories of literature; (non)fiction, drama
hamartia
a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero
hubris
excessive pride
hyperbole
an exaggerated figure of speech
iambic pentameter
unstressed / stressed
imagery
visually descriptive
in media res
beginning an epic by plunging into a crucial situation
internal rhyme
rhyme involving a word in the middle and the end of a sentence
invective
critical language
irony
sarcastic language
dramatic irony
when the audience knows more about a situation than the characters do
situational irony
a reverse of what was expected
verbal irony
saying something but meaning the opposite
juxtaposition
two contrasting things placed together
litotes
ironic understatement
macrocosm
world or universe compared to something small
masculine rhyme (rime)
stressed syllables at the end
metaphor
“he is a shining star"
metonymy
track substitutes for horse racing
microcosm
greatly diminished from size or scale
mood
what the reader feels
narrative
a way of presenting connected events in order to tell a good story
octave
eight line stanza
ode
a ceremonious lyric that addresses someone or something
onomatopoeia
imitation of natural sounds
“pop, bam”
oxymoron
words placed together that contradict
“organized chaos”
parable
story that provides a moral lesson
paradox
a self-contradicting statement that is true
parallelism
repetition of grammatical elements
“singing, dancing, crying”
parody
humorous, exaggerated imitation
pedantic
someone who constantly corrects another's grammar
personification
describing an object with human traits
point of view
who is telling the story
1st pov
their own pov (I, me, we)
3rd pov
narrator is outside the story
(he, she, they)
prose
regular everyday language
refrain
a word that is repeated within the poem or line
repetition
intentionally reusing a word or phrase for effect
rhyme scheme
formal arrangement of rhymes
