Chem Chapter 4 Chemical Reactions Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key chemical reaction concepts, terminology, formulas, and definitions from Chapter 4.

Chemical reactions

Processes in which reactant(s) are converted into product(s).

Combustion

The process of burning in air.

Ionic compounds

Also known as salts, these compounds consist of both positive ($+$) and negative ($-$) ions.

Precipitate

A solid formed in a reaction by a water-insoluble compound.

Aqueous

Dissolved in water.

Net ionic equation

A chemical equation that only shows reacting ions.

Spectator ions

Ions present in a reaction mixture that do not react.

Oxidation

The loss of electrons (or loss of hydrogen).

Reduction

The gain of electrons (or gain of hydrogen).

Redox reaction

A chemical reaction involving the transfer of electrons.

Reducing agent

The substance that loses electrons and is oxidized in a redox reaction.

Oxidizing agent

The substance that gains electrons and is reduced in a redox reaction.

Respiration

A redox process where living organisms use oxygen to oxidize carbon-containing compounds to release energy.

Rusting

The oxidation of iron.

Bleaching

A process where colored compounds are oxidized to become colorless.

Formula weight (FW)

The sum of atomic weights in $\text{amu}$ of all atoms in a formula, used for ionic and covalent compounds.

Molecular weight (MW)

The sum of atomic weights in $\text{amu}$, used only for molecular compounds.

Mole

A chemical measurement unit used to count tiny particles.

Molar mass

The weight of a substance in grams.

Stoichiometry

The study of mass relationships in chemical reactions.

Actual yield

The mass of product actually formed in a chemical reaction.

Theoretical yield

The mass of product that should form in a chemical reaction.

Percent yield

Calculated using the formula $\frac{\text{actual}}{\text{theoretical}} \times 100$.

Specific heat (SH)

The amount of heat needed to raise each gram of a substance by $1\,^\circ\text{C}$.

Exothermic reaction

A chemical reaction that gives off heat.

Endothermic reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat.

Heat of combustion

The heat released from a combustion reaction, which is exclusively exothermic.