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federal bureaucracy
The thousands of federal government agencies institutions to implement and administer federal laws and programs
Max Weber
German
Spoils system
The firing a public office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalist of the new elected party
Patronage
Jobs, grants, or other special favors are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support
Merit system
The system of employment based on qualifications test, scores, and ability rather than party loyalty
Pendleton Act
Reform measure that established a principle of federal employment on the basis of open competitive exams, and created the civil service commission
16th amendment
National income tax
GI Bill
Provided college loans for returning veterans
Great society
Created by Lyndon B Johnson
Department of Homeland Security
Created after 911
Independent executive agencies
Governmental units that closely resemble a cabinet department, but have narrower areas or responsibility
Independent regulatory commission
An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates the specific interest
Government corporation
Businesses, established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide
Hatch act
1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking active rules and partisan campaigns
Interagency councils
Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy, making an implementation across a host of governmental agencies
Administration discretion
Ability of bureaucrats to make choices, concerning the best way to implement, congressional or executive intentions
Rule making
A quasi legislative process, resulting in Regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative act
Administrative adjudication
A course judicial process in which bureaucratic agency sells disputes between two parties, similar to the way courts resolved disputes
Civil Service system
A merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected
Note 
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