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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts in ethics.
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Morality
Using reason and impartiality to decide what’s right and wrong.
Relativism
The idea that moral beliefs differ from place to place.
Feelings vs. Morals
The theory that morals come from emotions.
Divine Command Theory
The idea that morality is determined by God's commands.
Natural Law
The belief that things are good if they are “natural.”
Egoism
The view that we only care about ourselves.
Social Contract Theory
The concept that people make agreements so that society works.
Utilitarianism
The principle that the right action makes the most people happy.
Kantian Deontology
The idea to always do what’s right, no exceptions.
Respect vs. Using People
Treating people with respect, not as tools.
Helping Others
Describes the view that if we can stop something bad without hurting ourselves, we should do it.
Moral Relativism
Morality depends on where you live or what your culture believes.
Simple Subjectivism & Emotivism
Morality is just about personal feelings.
Divine Command Theory
Something is right or wrong because God says so.
Natural Law Theory
Everything in nature has a purpose, and morality is about following that purpose.
Egoism
The right thing to do is whatever benefits you the most.
Social Contract Theory
People create moral rules so we don’t live in chaos.
Utilitarianism
The right action is whatever brings the most happiness.
Kantian Ethics
Always do the right thing, no matter what.
Peter Singer & Practical Ethics
We should care about everyone’s suffering equally.
Civil Disobedience
Sometimes, breaking the law is the right thing to do.
morality
evolved to solve problems of dealing with competing interests within groups
baby theresa
anecephaly, parents wanted to use organs to save lives but were prevented
mary and jodie
conjoined twins, if operated one could live, but catholic parents said “god should decide”, hospital sued and saved
traci lattimer
cerebral palsy, dad killed her as the “right thing”, charged with murder
reason
we should base our decisions on good (rational) reasons
impartiality
moral decisions should treat people in similar circumstances the same, whatever that amounts to