Big Ideas in Ethics Vocabulary

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Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts in ethics.

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28 Terms

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Morality

Using reason and impartiality to decide what’s right and wrong.

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Relativism

The idea that moral beliefs differ from place to place.

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Feelings vs. Morals

The theory that morals come from emotions.

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Divine Command Theory

The idea that morality is determined by God's commands.

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Natural Law

The belief that things are good if they are “natural.”

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Egoism

The view that we only care about ourselves.

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Social Contract Theory

The concept that people make agreements so that society works.

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Utilitarianism

The principle that the right action makes the most people happy.

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Kantian Deontology

The idea to always do what’s right, no exceptions.

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Respect vs. Using People

Treating people with respect, not as tools.

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Helping Others

Describes the view that if we can stop something bad without hurting ourselves, we should do it.

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Moral Relativism

Morality depends on where you live or what your culture believes.

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Simple Subjectivism & Emotivism

Morality is just about personal feelings.

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Divine Command Theory

Something is right or wrong because God says so.

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Natural Law Theory

Everything in nature has a purpose, and morality is about following that purpose.

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Egoism

The right thing to do is whatever benefits you the most.

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Social Contract Theory

People create moral rules so we don’t live in chaos.

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Utilitarianism

The right action is whatever brings the most happiness.

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Kantian Ethics

Always do the right thing, no matter what.

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Peter Singer & Practical Ethics

We should care about everyone’s suffering equally.

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Civil Disobedience

Sometimes, breaking the law is the right thing to do.

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morality

evolved to solve problems of dealing with competing interests within groups

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baby theresa

anecephaly, parents wanted to use organs to save lives but were prevented

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mary and jodie

conjoined twins, if operated one could live, but catholic parents said “god should decide”, hospital sued and saved

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traci lattimer

cerebral palsy, dad killed her as the “right thing”, charged with murder

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reason

we should base our decisions on good (rational) reasons

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impartiality

moral decisions should treat people in similar circumstances the same, whatever that amounts to

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