Beta-2 Agonists

Sympathomimetics

Medications that increase levels of cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP), leading to bronchodilation.

Beta-2 Agonists

Medications that cause relaxation of bronchial smooth muscles, inhibiting histamine release and promoting bronchodilation.

Epinephrine

A nonselective agonist affecting alpha-1, beta-1, and beta-2 receptors, used for acute bronchospasms and anaphylaxis.

What are common side effects of epinephrine use?

Tachycardia, palpitations, dysrhythmias, angina, hypertension, tremors, dizziness.

Albuterol

A short-acting beta-2 agonist used as a rescue medication for bronchodilation.

Salmeterol

A long-acting beta-2 agonist administered orally for chronic asthma treatment.

What suffix do most beta-2 agonists end with?

-terol

What is glycogenolysis and its relation to beta-2 agonists?

A metabolic process triggered by beta-2 agonists, leading to increased blood sugar levels.

What is the onset and peak action of inhaled beta-2 agonists?

Onset is 1 minute, peak action is 1 hour.

How does overuse of beta-2 agonists affect the body?

It may cause beta-1 responses like nervousness, tremors, and increased heart rate.

What should diabetic patients monitor when using beta-2 agonists?

Their serum glucose levels due to increased insulin secretions.

What effect do sympathomimetics have on the blood vessels in the respiratory system?

They induce vasodilation in bronchial blood vessels and vasoconstriction in other vascular areas.

How is epinephrine applied in the case of cardiac arrest within respiratory emergencies?

Epinephrine is administered to enhance coronary and cerebral blood flow during resuscitation efforts.

What routes are commonly utilized for delivering beta-2 agonists in respiratory treatment?

Beta-2 agonists are typically administered via inhalation and oral pathways.

What is the expected duration of effect for albuterol when used for respiratory relief?

Albuterol's therapeutic effects last for around 4 to 6 hours.

Under what circumstances should Salmeterol be integrated into asthma management plans?

Salmeterol is intended for regular use as part of long-term asthma control, not for immediate symptom relief.

What patient assessments should accompany the use of beta-2 agonists for respiratory conditions?

Regular evaluation of respiratory function and heart rate is recommended for patients on beta-2 agonists.

What is tachyphylaxis in relation to repeated use of beta-2 agonists for respiratory issues?

Tachyphylaxis refers to a reduced therapeutic response to beta-2 agonists after continuous usage.

What should patients be cautious of regarding beta-2 agonist overuse in respiratory treatment?

Excessive use of beta-2 agonists should be avoided as it may aggravate airway sensitivity and hyper-responsiveness.

How do beta-2 agonists influence potassium levels in patients with respiratory conditions?

They may lead to hypokalemia by promoting the uptake of potassium into cells.