20.4 Epigenetic control of gene expression
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12 Terms
Epigenetic
What is the epigenome: part one
DNA is wrapped around proteins called histones, and histones are covered in chemicals, sometimes called tags, these tags form a second layer known as the epigenome.
Epigenome has a flexible code (DNA code is fixed)
Factors like diet and stress can cause the chemical tags to adjust the wrapping and unwrapping fo the DNA and so switch genes on and off
What is the epigenome: part two
The DNA-histone complex (chromatin)
Decreased acetylation of associated histones
Increased methylation of DNA; Methylation normally inhibits the transcription of genes in two ways:
Epigenetics and inheritance:
Epigenetics and disease:
Treating diseases with epigenetic therapy:
The effect of RNA interference on gene expression
In eukaryotes and some prokaryotes, the translation of mRNA produced by a gene can be inhibited by breaking mRNA down before its coded information can be translated into a polypeptide. One type of small RNA molecules that may be involved is small interfering RNA.
The mechanism involving small double-stranded sections of siRNA operates as followed:
