21st Century Literature: Poetry of the Archipelago – Key Concepts (Flashcards)

A set of 40 practice flashcards in a Question-and-Answer format based on the lecture notes on Philippine poetry and fiction.

What is the modern counterpart of Balagtasan?

Fliptop

Tanaga first emerged in which historical period?

Pre-colonial Period

What greatly influenced 21st-century Filipino literary forms?

Technology

What is commonly known as a website containing regularly updated short articles called posts?

Blog

Who authored 'First, A Poem Must Be Magical' and helped popularize the reversed consonance rhyme scheme?

Jose Garcia Villa

Who wrote the poem 'Is It the Kingfisher' ?

Marjorie Evasco

How is fiction defined in the notes?

A story that is entirely made up and not true, though it may resemble reality; it is circumstantial.

List the core elements of a short story.

Character, Setting, Conflict, Plot, and Theme

Name the two main types of conflict in fiction.

Internal and External

What is the central idea or belief expressed in a short story?

Theme

What literary device uses an object, character, or event to signify something beyond its literal meaning?

Symbolism

Name the three kinds of irony discussed.

Verbal irony, Situational irony, Dramatic irony

Who is Francisco Sionil Jose?

A widely read Filipino author and National Artist known for themes of social struggle

Who is Paz Marquez Benitez and what is she known for?

A Filipino short-story writer known as 'mother of us all' and author of 'Dead Stars'

Which Rizal novels critique Spanish rule?

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

Who is Merlinda Bobis and what themes does she explore?

A Filipino writer from Legazpi City; explores diaspora and immigrant cultures; writes in English and Filipino/Tagalog and Bicolano

Who is Carlos Angeles and what is he known for?

A Filipino poet born in 1921 in Tacloban; author of 'Gabu'

What is the central image or theme in Carlos Angeles's 'Gabu' ?

The battering sea and wasteland—the tidal fury on the beach

Which categories of imagery are used in poetry?

Visual, Olfactory, Gustatory, Tactile, and Auditory imagery

What does diction refer to in poetry?

The denotative and connotative meaning of words; careful word choice

What is a rhyme scheme?

The pattern of rhymes in a poem, such as AABB or ABAB

Which canonical poem is used to study senses and diction?

'Gabu' by Carlos Angeles

What does word order in poetry entail?

Natural or inverted arrangement of words; poets may use poetic license and italicize Filipino words for emphasis

What is a key theme in 'Is It the Kingfisher'??

The relationship with God and the blue of nature revealing the soul

What does 'organic unity' imply in close reading?

All parts of a poem must contribute to a single whole

What is close reading?

A careful, repeated reading to interpret a poem's meaning

Who is Nick Joaquin?

A prominent Filipino writer, National Artist for Literature (1976), known for English-language fiction and short stories

What type of media is Mara Clara?

A popular Filipino telenovela (TV drama)

What are the Rizal novels often cited in Philippine literature?

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

What is Exposition in Freytag's Pyramid?

The beginning that sets the scene and introduces background

What is the Inciting Incident?

The event that triggers the main action

What is Rising Action?

The series of events that build tension and lead to the climax

What is Climax?

The peak of tension or turning point

What is Falling Action?

Events following the climax leading toward resolution

What is Denouement?

The ending or resolution of the story

What is Realistic Fiction?

Fiction that could happen in reality; events could occur in real life

What is Non-Realistic Fiction?

Fiction whose events could not happen in real life (fantasy, sci-fi, etc.)

What is the difference between Commercial and Literary Fiction?

Commercial aims for broad audience; Literary aims for more artistic or experimental appeal

Name some 21st-century genres mentioned.

Blogs, Chick Lit, Creative Nonfiction, Flash Fiction, Hyperpoetry

What is Tanaga's traditional structure?

Four lines, seven syllables each, with the same end rhyme; traditional 7-7-7-7; rhymes can be AABB, ABAB, ABBA, or other formations

Why is Mara Clara used as an example in the module?

To illustrate the popularity of Filipino television drama and its reflection of culture

What is the significance of Dead Stars?

Paz Marquez Benitez's landmark work, considered the first Filipino modern English-language short story

What does the landscape of Philippine fiction emphasize?

It is anchored from culture

What are the primary components of the fictional scene described by the notes (character, setting, etc.)?

Character, Setting, Conflict, Plot, Theme

Which two works are cited as examples of long, sustained critique of colonial rule?

Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo

What is the purpose of symbolism in fiction?

To signify ideas, communities, or events beyond their literal meaning

What is the primary function of close reading in poetry analysis?

To carefully read and reread a text until you understand its interpretation

Who coined the term 'organic unity' in literary theory?

The New Criticism school of thought

Which poet is known for bilingual writing in English and Cebuano-Visayan and for feminist themes?

Marjorie Evasco

What is the setting in fiction?

The time and place in which the story happens

What is the Freytag Pyramid's place in analysis?

A framework for analyzing plot structure in fiction

What is the difference between a protagonist and a symbol in fiction?

A protagonist is a character; a symbol represents a larger idea or concept

Which author is associated with the term 'mother of us all' in Filipino literature?

Paz Marquez Benitez

What is the broader aim of the module’s 'Landscape of Philippine Fiction'?

To explore how culture shapes storytelling across genres