NU551 Advanced Pathophysiology - Hematologic System

These flashcards cover key terminology and concepts from the lecture on hematology.

Composition of Blood

Composed of 91% water and 9% solutes, including plasma and cellular components.

Plasma

Liquid portion of blood, containing organic and inorganic elements; consists of plasma proteins like albumin and globulins.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for tissue oxygenation, typically have a 100 to 120-day life cycle.

Leukocytes

White blood cells that defend against infection and remove debris; classified into granulocytes and agranulocytes.

Granulocytes

A type of leukocyte with membrane-bound granules; includes neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.

Agranulocytes

A type of leukocyte that includes monocytes and lymphocytes.

Hemostasis

The process of arresting bleeding through the formation of blood clots.

Erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell development, regulated by erythropoietin in response to tissue hypoxia.

Thrombopoiesis

The development of platelets from megakaryocytes, regulated by thrombopoietin.

Anemia

A reduction in the total number of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in blood; can result from impaired production, blood loss, or increased destruction.

Microcytic-Hypochromic Anemias

Anemias characterized by small red blood cells with reduced hemoglobin content, often due to iron deficiency.

Pernicious anemia

A type of macrocytic anemia caused by a lack of intrinsic factor necessary for vitamin B12 absorption.

Folate deficiency anemia

Anemia resulting from inadequate dietary intake or absorption of folate, often without neurological symptoms.

Anemia of Chronic Disease

Also known as anemia of inflammation, it results from decreased erythropoiesis and impaired iron utilization in chronic disease.

Aplastic anemia

A condition characterized by reduced production of mature blood cells due to bone marrow failure.

Hemolytic anemia

A type of anemia caused by the premature destruction of erythrocytes.