9/17/25 Exams - UOM + Spanish

Medieval/Dark Ages Period

476-1453

Renaissance/Rebirth Period

1453-1600

Timbre

Tone color - Warm or bright

Diatonic scales

Seven-note musical scales composed of five whole steps and two half steps

Cadence

Notes that give pause or end to a piece; punctuation

Troubadour

Poet-composers in southern France during 12th and 13th centuries, and entertained the upper classes. Their primary poetical concern was the idea of courtly love.

Organum

Consists of Gregorian Chant and one or more additional melodic lines added above it

Strophic Form

Different verses of text are sung to the same repeated music

Motet

A polyphonic, secular composition with at least one sacred Latin text

Isorhythm

Pieces constructed with a voice comprised of a “color” (borrowed, repeating melodic line) and a “talea” (repeated rhythmic pattern)

Humanism

The belief in the power and importance of human beings and their achievements (pride) - was an outlook that fueled the Renaissance. Led to outlooks still common in our culture: Optimism, worldliness, hedonism, naturalism, and individualism

Musical Settings

A musical composition based on a pre-existing literary work where the music is written to the words

Madrigal

A polyphonic composition for unaccompanied voices; ideally they feature responsive musical settings of elegant, secular poetry

Melisma

A decorative phrase or passage in vocal music, in which one syllable of text is sung to a melodic sequence of several notes

1.Alleluia from the Mass for Christmas Day

Mass Proper

Pope Gregory the Great

Gregorian chant, Plainchant, Plainsong, or Chant

Sung in Latin, monophonic, flexible

Rhythm, Church Modes, Male Voice, Creates an ambiance for worship

2.Perotin: Organum quadruplum: "Sederunt”

Mass Proper

The Rise of Polyphony

Organum

The Notre Dame Composers: Leonin and Perotin

3.Bernart de Ventadorn: “Can vei la lauzeta mover”

Secular Polyphony

The Troubadours

Strophic (vs. Through Composed)

4.Philippe de Vitry: “Garrit Gallus/Nova Fert”

Secular Polyphony

The Motet

Isorhythmic

Ars Nova vs. Ars Antiqua

Roman de Fauvel

5.Palestrina: “Agnus Dei” from Pope Marcellus Mass

Mass Ordinary

Larger choir - six voice polyphony

Close points of imitation used

Takes special pleasure using thirds and sixths as consonances, and balances, and balances the diverse imitative activity in all six voices by emphasizing similar sorts of echoing and combinations, uniting them in a harmonious whole

6.Giaches de Wert: "Vezzosi augelli”

Secular

The Madrigal

Word Painting or Text Painting

Melisma

Events and Intellectual Outlooks of The Renaissance (rebirth) Period

Early - Clear harmonic structures revealing a preference for new consonances of the third and sixth (Du Fay 1400-1474)

High - Declamation and Imitation used, as well as a popular tune as the basis for each part of the mass ordinary (Josquin des Prez 1440-1521)

Late - Palestrina (1526-1594) - his style of composition was stimulated by the action of the “Council of Trent” and the atmosphere of the Counter-Reformation, established in response to the Protestant Reformation (De Wert 1535-1596) Late madrigals and text painting

Declamation

The way in which composers set words to music

¿Qué significa “lavarse las manos”?

Wash your hands. An idiomatic expression used when someone tries to avoid guilt or participation in an action that produced a negative outcome.

Yo (ser)

Soy

Tú (ser)

Eres

Ella/o (ser)

Es

Ustedes (ser)

Son

Ellas/os (ser)

Son

Yo (tener)

Tengo

Tú (tener)

Tienes

Ella/o (tener)

Tiene

Ustedes

Tienen

Ellas/os (tener)

Tienen

Nosotros (tener)

Tenemos

Nosotros (ser)

Somos

Where (to)?

¿Adónde?

How? / What?

¿Cómo?

Which one(s) / What?

¿Cuál(es)?

When?

¿Cuándo?

How much?

¿Cuánto/a?

How many?

¿Cuántos/as?

From where?

¿De dónde?

Where?

¿Dónde?

Why?

¿Por qué?

What?

¿Qué?

Who?

¿Quién(es)?

Introduce Yourself:

¿Cómo te llamas?

¿Cuántos años tienes?

¿Cómo eres? (personality)

¿Cómo eres? (physical traits)

¿De dónde eres?

Me llamo Leyna. Yo tengo dieciocho años. Soy inteligente y organizada. Tengo los ojos cafés y el pelo negro. Soy de Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.