Self Test: Humerus and Shoulder Girdle

What is the preferred term for the shoulder joint?

scapulohumeral joint

Which specific joint is found on the lateral end of the clavicle?

acromioclavicular

What are the 3 angles of the scapula?

superior, inferior, lateral

What structure of the scapula extends most anteriorly?

coracoid process

T/F : the male clavicle is shorter and less curved than the female clavicle

false (female clavicle is shorter and less curved)

What bony structure separates the supraspinous and infaspinous fossa?

scapular spine

What is the type of joint movement for the scapulohumeral joint?

ball and socket

For adult shoulder radiography, a _____ inch SID should be used along with _____ to ____ kVp.

40 SID, 70-80 kVp

T/F: Even though the amount of radiation exposure is minimal for most shoulder projections, gonadal shielding should be used for children and adults of childbearing age.

True

T/F: the greatest technical concern during a pediatric shoulder study is voluntary movement

true

What image modality best demonstrates osteomyelitis?

nuclear medicine

What imaging modality provides a functional, or dynamic, study of the shoulder joint?

ultrasound

What is the disability of the shoulder joint caused by chronic inflammation in and around the joint?

idiopathic chronic adhesive capsulitis

What is the injury to the anteroinferior glenoid labrum?

bankart lesion

What is the chronic systemic disease with arthritic inflammatory changes throughout the body?

Rheumatoid arthritis

What is the superior displacement of distal clavicle?

AC joint dislocation

What is the compression fracture of the humeral head?

Hill-Sachs defect

What is the traumatic injury to one or more muscles of the shoulder joint?

rotator cuff tear

What is the reduction in the quantity of bone?

osteoporosis

What projection/position best demonstrates signs of impingement syndrome in the acromiohumeral space?

Apical AP axial projection

What pathological condition often produces narrowing of the joint space?

osteoarthritis

What pathological condition may require a reduction in manual exposure factors?

rheumatoid arthritis

What is an alternative CR technique for an AP shoulder projection on an obese patient if unable to palpate the coracoid process?

center 2 inches below the AC joint

What type of compensating filter is recommended for use on an AP shoulder projection for a hypersthenic patient?

boomerang

Which routine projection of the shoulder requires that the humeral epicondyles be parallel to the IR?

external rotation

Where is the central ray centered for an AP projection-external rotation of the shoulder?

1 inch inferior to the coracoid process

Which position of the shoulder and proximal humerus projects the lesser tubercle in profile medially?

internal rotation

What type of CR angle should be used for the inferosuperior axial projection for the scapulohumeral joint space?

25-30° degress medially

To best demonstrate the hill-sachs defect on the inferosuperior axial projection, which additional positioning maneuver must be used?

use exaggerated external rotation

How are the humeral epicondyles aligned for a rotational lateromedial projection of the humerus?

perpendicular to IR

Which special projection of the shoulder places the glenoid cavity in profile for an "open" scapulohumeral joint?

Grashey method

What type of CR angle is required for the apical AP axial shoulder projection?

30° caudad

For the erect version of the tangential projection for the intertubercular sulcus, the patient leans forward ___________ degrees from vertical.

10-15°

What is the major advantage of the supine, tangential version of the intertubercular sulcus projection over the erect version?

reduced OID

Which of the following projections best demonstrates the supraspinatus outlet region?

tangential project (Neer method)

With which of the following projections can an orthostatic breathing technique be used?

transthoracic lateral for humerus

What central ray angulation is required for the tangential projection- supraspinatus outlet (Neer Method)?

10-15° caudad

Which clinical indication is best demonstrated with the garth method?

scapulohumeral dislocations

Which anatomy of the shoulder is best demonstrated with a PA transaxillary projection (Hobbs modification)?

scapulohumeral joint space

If the patient cannot fully abduct the affected arm 90° for the inferosuperior axial projection (Clements modification), the technologist can angle the CR ____________ towards the axilla.

5-15°

Which anatomy is the demonstrated by the Alexander method?

AC joints

Which type of injury must be ruled out before the weight-bearing phase of an AC joint study?

fractured clavicle

What is the minimum amount of weight a large adult should have strapped to each wrist for the weight bearing phase of an AC joint study?

8 to 10 pounds

T/F: a PA axial projection the clavicle requires a 35-45 degree caudal central ray angle.

false

T/F: a 72 inch SID is recommended for adult AC joint studies.

true

Which 2 positioning landmarks are aligned perpendicularly to the IR for the lateral scapula projection?

superior angle and AC joint

A radiograph of an anterior oblique (Grashey method) shows that the anterior and posterior glenoid rims are not superimposed. The following positioning factors were used: erect position, body rotated 25-30 degrees toward the affected side, central ray perpendicular to scapulohumeral joint space, and affected arm slightly abducted in neutral rotation. What modification will superimpose the glenoid rims during the repeat exposure?

rotate body more towards affected side