Unit 2: Body function: Gross Motor Movements of the Shoulder

Elevation

Depression

Adduction (retraction)

abduction (protraction)

upward rotation

downward rotation

(back to normal)

Scapulohumeral Movement

• 
  The scapula and the humerus work together to allow functional movement in the shoulder, such as reaching up for bathing, dressing, and meal preparation, placing, throwing
  
  

Scapulohumeral rhythm

the term used to describe this proportional scapular and humeral motion. Beyond 30° flexion, the scapula and humerus move at a 1:2 ratio. Full flexion or abduction of the shoulder involves approximately 60° scapular rotation and 120° humeral flexion.

• Rotator cuff

• Deltoid

• Teres major

muscles used in scapula elevation

Trapezius, Rhomboid major/minor, elevator scapulae

muscles used in scapular depression

trapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis minor

muscles used in scapular upward rotation

trapezius and serratus anterior

muscles used in scapular downward rotation

Rhomboid major/minor, levator scapulae and pectoralis minor

Muscles used in protraction

serratus anterior and pectoralis minor

ex: pushing lawn mower

muscles used in retraction

trapezius, rhomboid minor/major

ex: pulling a lawn mower