Lec: Food and Feeding

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19 Terms

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digestive tract review

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Insectivory

basic/primary mammals (insects were the first major food source), wide range/diversity of mammals, aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial insectivores, incisors procumbent in many, consume minimal amounts of fiber, which affects morphology of digestive tract

<p>basic/primary mammals (insects were the first major food source), wide range/diversity of mammals, <span>aerial, aquatic, and terrestrial insectivores, incisors procumbent in many, </span>consume minimal amounts of fiber, which affects morphology of digestive tract</p>
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Insectivore digestive tract

stomach is big and muscular, short intestine, no cecum (don’t need to ferment)

<p>stomach is big and muscular, short intestine, no cecum (don’t need to ferment)</p>
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Carnivory

different types (arboreal, terrestrial, marine), sharp cutting teeth w/ some homodont dentition, some specials (sanguinivorous and piscivorous)

<p>different types (arboreal, terrestrial, marine), sharp cutting teeth w/ some homodont dentition, some specials (sanguinivorous and piscivorous) </p>
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Sanguinivorous

blood suckers (vampire bats)

<p>blood suckers (vampire bats)</p>
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Carnivore digestive tract

big stomach, simple gut, short intestine and colon, have cecum

<p>big stomach, simple gut, short intestine and colon, have cecum</p>
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Kinds of Herbivores

browsers and grazers (hooved mammals and aquatic grazers)

gnawing mammals (rodents and lagomorphs, coprophagy)

  • don’t get as much energy from vegetation as a carnivore would get from their prey, so they have to constantly graze

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Herbivore characteristics and digestive tract

selenodont dentition, canines reduced of absent, broad molars (crushing, shredding, and grinding), fermentation (hindgut and foregut), enlarged cecum

<p>selenodont dentition, canines reduced of absent, broad molars (crushing, shredding, and grinding), fermentation (hindgut and foregut), enlarged cecum</p>
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Nonruminant herbivore

large incisors to crop foliage

<p>large incisors to crop foliage </p>
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Ruminant herbivore

lost their upper incisors (callous pad on their upper gum)

<p>lost their upper incisors (callous pad on their upper gum) </p>
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Coprophagy

hindgut fermenters, consumption of cecotropes (nutrient dense droppings)

<p>hindgut fermenters, consumption of cecotropes (nutrient dense droppings) </p>
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compare and contrast hind and foregut fermenters

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specific dynamic action

the energy expenditure required by the body to digest, absorb, and assimilate food

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types of herbivores

folivory (leaf eaters), frugivory (fruit eaters), nectarivory (nectar eaters), gummivory (gum-eating), mycophagy (fungus-eating), granivory (seed eating)

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omnivory

everything eater w/ versatile dentition

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optimal foraging strategies

decisions used by animals to obtain optimal cost-benefit for foraging, have to consider amount of energy to expend and amount of time to spend

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marginal value theorem

details of when an animal will decide to leave a food patch, energy spent moving between patches, when is it more productive to move on?

<p>details of when an animal will decide to leave a food patch, energy spent moving between patches, when is it more productive to move on? </p>
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food hoarding and caching

animals that cache (rodents, pikas, carnivores, etc.), store food for later when they are more safe or for when food isn’t as readily available