Anthropology Test 1

This perspective in anthropology involves analyzing a culture from an outsider's point of view, often with the aim of making cross-cultural comparisons.

etic perspective

This field of anthropology focuses on the study of human culture, beliefs, and practices, including art, religion, and language.

cultural/social anthropology

Considered to be the "Father of American Anthropology"

Franz Boas

A set of beliefs, practices, and symbols that are learned and shared.

culture

This perspective in anthropology focuses on understanding a culture from the point of view of its members.

emic perspective

This key adaptation of early hominins involves walking upright on two legs, allowing for greater efficiency and mobility on the ground.

Bipedalism

This field of anthropology examines the physical characteristics, behavior, and evolution of humans and other primates.

biological/physical anthropology

Responsible for writing "Coming of Age in Samoa" in 1928, sparking a debate between nature vs. nurture.

Margaret Mead

The scientific study of the origins of humans, how we have changed over the years, and how we relate to each other.

Anthropology

This group of animals includes humans, apes, and monkeys, and is known for its grasping hands, forward-facing eyes, and complex social behavior.

primates

This field of anthropology examines the material culture and artifacts of past societies in order to better understand their history and way of life.

archaeology

This German philosopher was known for their critique of capitalism, noting that economic relationships are the primary source of social conflict.

Karl Marx

The feeling of uncertainty or anxiety that affects people immersed in a culture that is different or new.

culture shock

This method of ethnographic research involves participating in and observing the daily life of a community over an extended period of time.

participant observation

This major technological innovation, which allowed early humans to cook food and stay warm, is thought to have first been used by hominins over a million years ago.

fire

This field of anthropology involves the study of how people use language.

linguistic anthropology

This professional group is responsible for publishing a code of ethics for anthropology in the United States.

the American Anthropological Association (AAA)

A form of society based on cities as the centers of administration and the focus of social life, usually dependent on intensive agriculture in the surrounding countryside.

civilization

This term refers to the process of examining the cultural assumptions and biases that researchers bring to their work, in order to minimize their impact on the interpretation of data.

reflexivity

The size of this increased throughout human evolution due to social complexity & communication skills.

brain

This field of anthropology examines the cultural, social, and economic aspects of food production, distribution, and consumption.

food anthropology

This anthropologist/primatologist is famous for her work discovering that chimpanzees also use tools in the wild.

Jane Goodall

A system in which private individuals or businesses own and operate the means of production, distribution, and exchange of goods and services for a profit.

capitalism

This term refers to the tendency to view one's own culture as superior to others, leading to a lack of understanding and appreciation of other cultures.

ethnocentrism

The size of this reduced throughout human evolution due to improved cutting, pounding, and grinding tools, as well as the use of fire for cooking.

Jaw/ Teeth

In an essay highlighting the importance of cultural relativism, the "Body Ritual among the Nacirema" is a satirical essay about which culture?

American culture

This adaptive strategy involves relying on domesticated animals for food and transportation.

pastoralism

This is an economic system in which the production of the goods and services is based on customs, traditions, and cultural beliefs that have been passed down from generation to generation.

Traditional Economy

In pastoralism, _ can be a sense of pride and prestige among the people who care for them.

animals

The hippie culture of the 1960s.

counterculture

In "Eating Christmas in the Kalahari," the author tries to purchase this type of animal for the !Kung San people as a gift for Christmas.

Ox

This adaptive strategy involves using simple tools to hunt and gather food from the environment.

foraging

In this economic system, the government makes all the major economic decisions, including which goods and services to produce, how much to produce, and how they will be distributed.

command economy

Characterized by monocultures, fertilization, irrigation systems, mechanization, and high levels of inputs.

Agriculture

Wine enthusiasts.

subculture

This professional group, located in the United States, sets forth a code of ethics for the study of anthropology.

American Anthropological Association (AAA)

This adaptive strategy involves growing crops with the intensive use of irrigation.

intensive agriculture

This is an economic system that combines elements of both a market economy and a command economy.

mixed economy

This variation of foraging concentrates on fish and/or marine mammal hunting usually from boats.

Aquatic foraging

Punk Culture

Counterculture

According to Wrangham in "How Cooking Frees Men", this gender group in particular benefited from the invention of cooking, as it allowed many populations of this group to spend less time foraging and more time engaging in other activities.

men

A form of subsistence involving the management and breeding of livestock for food, clothing, and other resources.

Pastoralism

This is an economic system in which the production of goods and services is determined by the interactions of buyers and sellers.

Market Economy

This is the ongoing exchange of cultural traits between groups that have continuous first-hand contact; both groups experience change while remaining two distinct groups.

acculturation

Cosplay culture.

Subculture

In "Last Hunters, First Farmers," Kenneth F. Kiple mentions this revolution, which refers to the period in human history when people began to domesticate plants and animals for food production.

Neolithic Revolution

This adaptive strategy is linked to the growth of factories and urbanization in the late 18th and 19th centuries.

industrialization

This is a traditional practice among some indigenous culture in the Pacific Northwest of North America involving a ceremonial feast and the distribution of gifts/resources to guests and other members of the community.

Potlatching

The adjustment of organisms to their environment in order to improve their chances at survival in that environment.

adaptation

Straight edge culture.

counter culture