Funeral Merchandising 2308.2 - Exam 2

sheen

the level of shine once the paint dries

sheen

used to describe the exterior finish on caskets and may apply to any of the exterior construction materials

five

caskets are typically thought to have one of _______ different levels of glossiness:

1. flat (matte) finish

2. eggshell finish

3. satin finish

4. semi-gloss finish

5. high-gloss finish

what are the five exterior finishes for a casket?

sheen

the higher the ________ the higher the shine

flat (matte) finish

no gloss, and the surface exhibits a dull, smooth texture with no shine whatsoever

eggshell finish

very low luster; not surprisingly, the shine is compared to the relatively low luster of an actual chicken egg

satin finish

low, mid-range glossy appearance; presents a smooth silky gloss, often compared to the luster of a pearl; may also demonstrate well defined fine lines or striations

semi-gloss finish

medium luster, with a distinct shine and brilliance second only to a high-gloss finish

high-gloss finish

all shine and the most brilliant of all applications seen in the casket industry; is generally limited to precious metal offerings in copper and bronze

five

caskets are typically thought to have one of _______ different wood finishes:

1. unfinished

2. natural

3. painted

4. laminated

5. cloth covered

what are the five wood finishes for a casket?

unfinished

casket has no exterior finish, no stain, varnish, or paint; represents a bio-degradable alternative; may also be desirable when needed to conform with religious ideologies

natural

the most popular of the exterior finish options; created by applying a stain and then a seal coal

painted

not common, as the appeal of a wooden casket usually lies in the natural beauty of the wood and wood grain; some wooden caskets may have a simple design, logo, symbol, or other representation on the surface as an accent

laminated

one in which a core material has a thin surface sheet of a different material covering it; the surface sheet is called a wood veneer; an inferior wood species is the core material, while the thin covering sheet is a wood of superior quality, value, and appearance.

cloth-covered

have fallen from their high stature in the mid to late-1800s when they symbolized prestige, influence, and status; was the burial container for the former President of the United States, Ulysses S. Grant

smooth and embossed

there are two types of cloth-covered caskets:

embossed

has a design or pattern stamped or pressed onto the surface of the material so that it stands out in relief

smooth

type of cloth that has a flat even surface

broadcloth

twilled, napped, woolen or worsted fabric with a smooth lustrous face and dense texture; usually made of cotton, silk, or rayon woven in a plain or rib weave with a soft semi-gloss finish

doeskin (moleskin)

heavy, durable cotton fabric with a short, thick, velvety nap on one side and a suede-like appearance; pool tables often have this fabric on the table playing surface

nap

fabric that has the ends of the fiber material raised to the surface; enables a softer texture and feel, as well as making the fabric heavier

three

there are ________ metal exterior finish methods:

1. brushed

2. plated

3. sprayed

the three exterior finish methods commonly used for metal caskets:

brushed

may be easily identified by characteristic faint brushstroke marks or lines in the metal; bronze, copper, and stainless-steel caskets often present this finish; sheen may be anything from a high-gloss brilliance to a more subdued matte or eggshell

plated

a number of variations in methods, but at the most basic level the finished product is a base metal coated by another metal using an electrolysis process

sprayed

there are an infinite number of paint colors, tints, hues, and gradients that can be applied onto the surface of metal casket components to deliver an appealing appearance; often paint carbon steel caskets in a solid color, while gradient color schemes are popular when applied to stainless-steel caskets

crinkled (wrinkled)

one in which the metal is coated with a liquid substance that wrinkles as it dries

hammertone

a sprayed finish that has the appearance of small indentations on a metal casket

spray painting and powder coating

the most common methods employed to apply paint to fiberglass, polymer, and plastic derivative caskets

decals/vinyl wraps

provide an almost infinite number of choices, options, and selections, not to mention unique, personalized applications for fiberglass, polymer, and plastic derivative caskets

inner panel

defined as a functional or ornamental covering that usually covers the foot end of the casket to conceal the lower half of the body

full couch casket

one solid component that opens and closes the entire cap all at once

half couch casket

split into two individual cap components: the head cap and the foot cap

single-hinged panel casket

a head cap piece with the crown hinged to the rim (ogee); these generally do not include an extendover or overlay; the entire crown, or in some cases the entire cap, of these caskets may be raised to provide for the placement or removal of the decedent

slip panel casket

has an opening style in which the crown portion of the cap at the head end may be completely removed for the purpose of viewing the deceased from either side of the casket; also known as priest caskets

elliptical (oval) casket

will have ends in the design of a half circle

octagonal casket

has eight sides, or body panels; while this shape is a not a highly sought-after product in the Americas, they are very popular in Australia and Europe

flaring square

side panel shape is one in which the sides and ends of the casket body panels flare out from the bottom to the top; the shape is therefore narrower and shorter at the bottom than at the top

state (vertical side)

square panel shape that has body panels at a 90-degree angle to the bottom, and the corners form 90-degree angles

urnside

side panel shape that has body panels that present the shape of an urn

16 and 18

gasket seals are most often found on ____- and ____-gauge carbon steel, stainless steel, bronze, and copper caskets - but not wood

- end lock

- side/front lock

- lever lock

- threaded fasteners

gasketed locking methods include:

- latch closure

- threaded fasteners

- chemical compounds

non-gasketed locking methods include:

hermetically sealed

airtight; impervious to external influence; completely sealed by fusion or soldering

infant/children's caskets

dimensions vary, sizes increase in increments of 6 inches in length, typically up to 5 feet

gasketed

a flat rubber material is located along the top body molding flange of the casket shell; another is located between the lids in the perfection half-couch style

latch closure

a simple latch secures the cap to the body after closure

threaded fasteners

a threaded screw-type fastener used on a hinged cap-style casket

chemical compounds

epoxy and other cements are used; for sealing the cap and body on some infant caskets, butyl tape is used

77-79 inches by 24-26 inches

adult metal casket interior dimensions:

83-84 inches by 28-29 inches

adult metal casket exterior dimensions:

78.5-80.5 inches by 22.75-24.75 inches

adult wood casket interior dimensions:

83-85 inches by 27-30 inches

adult wood casket exterior dimensions:

outer burial container

any container which is designed for placement in the grave around the casket including, but not limited to, containers commonly known as burial vaults, grave boxes, and grave liners

earth load

represents forces placed on containers after placement in the ground, including both long-term and short-term

long term (static)

continual loads, including weight of dirt and soil above the container and the force dirt and soil applies to the sides and bottom of the container

short term (differential, dynamic, and impact)

those loads that occur when work or maintenance is being performed at or near the gravesite

concrete burial vaults

have a rectangular shaped base with a corresponding cap or cover; may be reinforced with rebar - short for reinforcing bar - that may consist of either steel bars or steel mesh embedded as a tension device

vaults

lined and sealed burial receptacle which performs all the functions of the concrete grave liner, and in addition is designed and constructed using one or more lining and sealing materials to increase the overall tensile strength of the finished unit and reduce the intrusion of exterior elements

top seal

method of closure that utilizes an epoxy compound in conjunction with a tongue-in-groove design to mate the base and cover of the vault for closure

metal burial vaults

generally made from carbon steel, stainless steel, copper, or aluminum; offer a high level of durability and strength in addition to a significantly lower weight than concrete-based vaults

top seal method

what method of closure is used for concrete burial vaults?

air seal

method of closure that utilizes the air pressure created by placing the dome of the vault onto the base

plastic and polymer vaults

one distinct advantage of these products is their typically low weight of between 120 and 140 pounds, making them lighter than other vault choices; they may be easily stored by stacking them one inside the other, called nesting

grave box

provide protection from the earth load but not from the elements; they have two-components: a body for the base and a lid for the top

concrete sectional

has six or eight individual slabs of unfinished concrete sections placed around the casket; usually held in place with interlocking grooves that are squeezed together tightly by the earth load at the time of burial

- support the load of the earth

- limit intrusion of outside elements

the two purposes of burial vaults are:

dome

the top of an air seal burial vault that entraps air as it is put into position; it also supports the weight of the earth above

double seal

a method of closure that utilizes the principle of the air seal in conjunction with an epoxy material at the junction of the dome and the base of the vault

30 inches by 86 inches (inside)

the standard burial vault dimensions:

transfer container

an outer enclosure that protects the casketed remains during transportation

air tray

a transfer container consisting of a wooden tray with a cardboard covering for the casket

Ziegler Case

metal, gasket-sealed container which can be used as an insert into a casket or a separate shipping container

wood box

a transfer container made entirely of wood

combination case

a transfer container consisting of a particle board box with a cardboard tray and cover to satisfy air shipping regulations

alternative container

a non-metal receptacle or enclosure, without ornamentation or a fixed interior lining, designed for the encasement of human remains and made of cardboard, pressed wood, composition material, or pouches of canvas or other material

unfinished wood box

an unornamented casket made of wood which does not have a fixed interior lining

combination unit

any product consisting of a unit or a series of units which are designed or intended to be used together as both a casket and as a permanent burial receptacle

monument

defined as a structure, usually of stone or metal, erected to commemorate the life, deeds, or career of a deceased person

monumentum

the term monument is derived from the Latin word __________________, ‘to remind’

marker

a small headstone, usually of one piece, used to identify individual graves; usually identifies one person in one grave; usually flush or semi-flush to the ground on which they are placed

monuments

most often associated with a statue, building or other similar large structure built to recognize the life of a famous or well-known person; may identify more than one person in several graves in the same cemetery lot; normally stand upright

epitaph

an inscription placed on a monument to commemorate the deeds or qualities of the departed; usually include a short phrase or statement to convey a message that honors, compliments, or acknowledges a characteristic of the decedent

cenotaph

frequently used to recognize and honor those who died in a war or military conflict; for a memorial location in which human remains are not present

1. flush

2. beveled

3. slant

permanent markers may be described as being any one of the following three designs:

flush

a headstone with the face set parallel in relationship to the terrain

beveled

a headstone with a face set at an angle of less than 45 degrees in relationship to the terrain

slant

a headstone with a face set at an angle greater than 45 degrees, but less than 90 degrees, in relationship to the terrain

a base and a die (tablet)

permanent upright monuments have two major components:

base

defined as the lower or supporting part of the monument, and some monuments may have more than one base stacked one on top of the other (singles, doubles, triples, etc.)

tablet/die

the main part of the monument; the upright portion above the base where the inscription is located

bench

a type of cemetery memorial consisting of a top piece supported by two standards; a favorite addition to a grave lot and often complement a traditional monument rather than replace it

granite, marble, slate, and bronze

cemetery monuments and markers are meant to be permanent fixtures and are therefore built to withstand the tests of time, the most common such materials are:

mausoleum

an above ground structure or building containing crypts or vaults for entombment of caskets, which may also include space for cremated remains

crypt

a single chamber in a mausoleum large enough to hold the casketed remains of one person

feet first

most crypts are designed to have the casket placed inside ______ _________, with the head of the decedent located directly behind the face plate

couch crypt

a single chamber in a mausoleum designed to have the casket placed inside widthwise, with the side of the casket directly behind the face plate

columbarium

a structure, room, or space in a mausoleum or other building containing recesses or niches (rhymes with ditches)used to hold cremated remains