US History - Native Americans and White Settlers

What were some Spanish Colonizers unsuccessful with in their conquest?

Colonizing Europeans were numerically superior to indigenous peoples.

Original relationship between Natives and Europeans

Symbiotic - Each group seeks to learn and gain something from the other.

(Cycle Of Settlement) Squatters

Leave a small ecological footprint and only partially clear land for farming.

(Cycle Of Settlement) Speculators

Begin to completely clear the land, and fear the Natives/have an antagonist relationship with them. They change the landscape and ecosystem, and demand government protection.

(Cycle Of Settlement) Government Intervention

Treaties are created and ratified, and reserves are created for Natives. Military bounds are established to prevent Natives and Americans interacting.

(Cycle Of Settlement) Mining/Ranching

Mineral wealth is discovered, and Americans begin to move into Native land to mine said wealth. Ranch animals cross borders and are killed for food by Natives, who are unaware that the animal belonged to an American.

(Cycle Of Settlement) Native Resistance

Young warriors disagree with and violate treaties. They fight back when they are attacked by Americans.

(Cycle Of Settlement) Conflict/Warfare/Forced Migration

Us military begins to intervene to ‘protect’. Warfare between he Natives and Americans continues. All Natives are seen as problems/obstacles by the Americans, and they believe they should be exterminated/moved. Natives are forced off of the land to a new reservation.

The Trail of Tears was a result of…

The Indian Removal act and previous Supreme Court decisions.

The Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands to designated Indian Territory, resulting in significant suffering and loss of life.

Why did Americans expand westward?

They saw the land as unpopulated and unused, and believed it needed to be used and settled.

Who began the first large scale resistance against the Americans?

Tecumseh.

Tecumseh

A Shawnee leader who sought to unite Native American tribes against the encroachment of settlers on their lands. He played a key role in the resistance during the War of 1812.

Tenskwatawa “The Prophet”

Tecumseh's brother, a religious leader who encouraged Native Americans to return to their traditional ways and resist American expansion.

Five Civilized Tribes

Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes.

Why were the Five Civilized Tribes considered ‘civilized’?

They made a great effort to assimilate into ‘American’ culture.

What happened in Cherokee Nation v. Georgia?

The Supreme Court ruled that the relationship between Natives and the US government was like that as between "a ward and its guardian" - meaning that the US government would look after the interests of Natives.

What happened in Worcester v. Georgia?

The Supreme Court ruled that the states have no authority over Native relations.

What was “The Prophet” used as an example of?

Natives who sought to assimilate or accommodate American settlement.

King Philip’s War (1675 - 1678)

The Native Americans' last-ditch effort to avoid recognizing English authority and stop English settlement on their native lands.

Proclamation Line (1763)

A British-produced boundary marked in the Appalachian Mountains at the Eastern Continental Divide.

Indian Boundary (1768)

A boundary that started at Fort Stanwix, proceeded south and west to the confluence of the Ohio and Kanawha Rivers, up the Kanawha River to its headwaters, and then south to Spanish East Florida.

Treaty of Greenville (1795)

Treaty aimed to decrease hostility in the Great Lakes. It was an imperfect agreement not agreed upon by all the tribes, but it temporarily ended violence , and established Indian lands.