Science Chapter 7- Energy and Electricity

Magnetism

The force exerted by magnets when they attract or repel each other

Magnetic Field

Magnetic forces exerted all around the magnet

Magnetic Poles

A side of a magnet, one being north, and one being south. Also where earth’s magnetic field enters and exits the earth.

Magnetic Domain

A grouping of atoms that have their magnetic fields aligned

Ferromagnetic Material

A material that shows strong magnetic properties

Geographic North

The earth’s north rotational axis. All maps show direction based on geographic north.

Magnetic North

Compasses point towards it. Moves constantly.

Magnetic Declination

The angle between earth’s geographical north and earth’s magnetic north.

Magnetosphere

The earth’s magnetic field

Electric Charge

Opposites attract, likes repel.

Electric Circuit

Where charges must flow continuously from one place to another around a complete loop.

Conductor

A material through which charge can flow easily

Insulator

A material through which charge does not flow easily

Resistor

Slows down the flow of electricity in a circuit

Electric Field

A region around a charged object where the object electric force is exerted on other charged objects

Electric Force

The push or pull between electric charges

Static Electricity

Charges build up on an object, but do not flow continuously

Potential Difference

A device that causes the charges to move around the circuit

Voltage

Difference in electrical potential energy

Current

How fast or slow electrons move

Resistance

Measure of how difficult it is for the charges to flow through the material

Ohm’s Law

Says the total resistance is equal to the voltage divided by the current

Series Circuit

Only one path current to take

Parallel Circuit

Several paths for current to take

Voltmeter

Measures voltage

Ammeter

Measures current in amps

Examples of ferromagnetic materials

Iron, nickel, cobalt, and neodymium