Module 7 - organic chem

hydrocarbon:

molecule made up of only carbon and hydrogen atoms.

saturated molecule:

• contains only single bonds

• each carbon molecule is chemically bonded to the maximum number if atoms it can be

homologous series:

a group of organic compounds that contain the same functional group and have the same general formula

• similar chemical properties

• B&M p’s generally increase with the molecular mass

Alkane

CC single bond

CnH2n+2

-ane

Alkene

CC double bond

CnH2n

-ene

Alkyne

CC triple bond

CnH2n-n

-yne

Alcohol

Hydroxyl in place of H

CnH2n+2O

-ol

Haloalkane / alkyl halide

Halogen in place of H

CnH2n+1X

-ane

Fluorine	Chlorine	Bromine	Iodine
Fluoro-	Chloro-	Bromo-	Iodo-

aldehyde

formyl

CnH2nO

-al

ketone

carbonyl

CnH2nO

-one

Carboxylic / alkanoic acid

carboxyl

CnH2nO2

-oic acid

Ester

Double bond O and single bond O

CnH2nO2

-oate

Amine

N with lone pair electrons

CnH2n+3N

-amine

Amide

Carbon bonded N and double bonded O

CnH2n+1NO

-amide

Alkane homologous series (C_nH_2n+2)

Alkene homologous series (C_nH_2n)

Alkyne homologous series (C_nH_2n-n)