waves-physics 11

What is the distance from rest to crest or trough in a wave?

Amplitude

What is the time it takes for one full wave to pass a point?

Period (T)

What is the number of waves that pass a point per second?

Frequency (f)

What is the formula for wave speed?

v=fλ

What unit is frequency measured in?

Hertz (Hz)

How are frequency and period related?

They are inversely related: T=1/f

What kind of wave moves particles perpendicular to the direction of travel?

Transverse wave

What kind of wave moves particles parallel to the direction of travel?

Longitudinal wave

What type of wave is sound?

Mechanical, longitudinal wave

What is a mechanical wave?

A wave that requires a medium to travel through

What is an incident wave?

The original wave approaching a boundary

What is a reflected wave?

The wave bouncing back from a boundary

What is a transmitted wave?

The wave that continues into the new medium

What happens to a wave at a fixed end?

It is reflected and inverted

What happens to a wave at a free end?

It is reflects without inversion

What is the law of reflection?

Angle in = angle out

What happens during constructive interference?

Two waves add to form a larger amplitude wave

What happens during destructive interference?

Two waves subtract, reducing or cancelling the amplitude

What is the principle of superposition?

When two or more waves overlap, the resulting wave displacement is the sum of the individual displacements.

What affects the loudness of sound?

amplitude (more energy = louder)

What affects the pitch of sound?

Frequency

What is the speed of sound in air at 0°C?

331 m/s

In which medium does sound travel fastest?

Solids (because particles are closer together)

What is the formula for sound intensity?

The formula for sound intensity is given by I = P/A, where I is intensity, P is power, and A is the area over which the sound is distributed.

What is the decibel formula?

The decibel formula is given by dB = 10 log10(I/I0), where I is the intensity of the sound and I0 is the reference intensity.

What is the Doppler Effect?The change in frequency due to motion of the source or observer

The change in frequency due to motion of the source or observer

What happens when a source moves toward the observer?

Frequency increases (higher pitch)

What happens when the observer moves away from the source?

Frequency decreases (lower pitch)

What is the formula when the source is moving, and the observer is at rest?

f′=f(v/v∓vs​)

What is the formula when the observer is moving, and the source is at rest?

f′=f(v±vo/v​​)

What is the full Doppler formula when both move?

f′=f(v∓vo/v±vs​​)