Chapter 1-7 Review: Nationalism, Jacksonian Democracy, and the Market Revolution

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on the Market Revolution, nationalism vs. sectionalism, Jacksonian democracy, and related constitutional and political developments.

Market Revolution

An early 19th-century transformation (1816–1860) where transportation, technology, and specialization created a connected national market.

Nationalism

A belief in strong national unity and policies that benefit the nation as a whole.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to a specific region (like North vs. South), causing political and economic tensions within the country.

Monroe Doctrine

An 1823 policy declaring the Western Hemisphere closed to European colonization and interference.

Henry Clay

An American statesman who proposed the American System and helped create compromises on slavery and national issues.

American System

Henry Clay’s plan for economic growth: a national bank, tariffs to protect industry, and government-funded infrastructure (internal improvements).

Second Bank of the United States

A national bank established in 1816 for 20 years to stabilize currency and credit.

Tariff of 1816

A tax on imported goods designed to protect American manufacturers.

Internal Improvements

Government-funded projects like roads and canals meant to connect states and boost trade.

Missouri Compromise

An 1820 agreement that balanced slave and free states by admitting Missouri as slave, Maine as free, and setting a 36°30′ line for future territories.

36°30′ line

The geographic boundary established by the Missouri Compromise, separating free territories (north) from potential slave territories (south).

War of 1812

A conflict with Britain that boosted American nationalism and brought figures like Andrew Jackson to prominence.

Era of Good Feelings

A period under President Monroe known for apparent political harmony, despite underlying disagreements.

Andrew Jackson

The 7th U.S. president, known for expanding voting rights for white men, strong executive power, and controversial policies towards Native Americans.

Jacksonian Democracy

A movement that expanded political participation to more white men, emphasizing the role of the 'common man' in politics.

Corrupt Bargain

The 1824 accusation that John Quincy Adams won the presidency due to Henry Clay’s influence, with Clay then becoming Secretary of State.

Democratic Party

A political party that emerged during the Jackson era, advocating for expanded white male suffrage and limited federal government power.

Indian Removal Act (1830)

A 1830 law authorizing the forced relocation of eastern Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Trail of Tears

The forced journey of Cherokee and other tribes to Oklahoma, resulting in widespread suffering and deaths.

Nullification Crisis

A 1832–33 conflict where South Carolina argued it could nullify federal tariffs, challenging the power of the federal government.

Maysville Road

A road project Jackson vetoed, arguing that individual states, not the federal government, should fund such local improvements.

Spoils System

The practice of giving government jobs to political supporters after winning an election.

Bank War

President Jackson’s campaign against renewing the charter of the Second Bank of the United States, aiming to reduce federal financial power.

Marbury v. Madison

The 1803 Supreme Court case that established judicial review, allowing courts to declare laws unconstitutional.