Introduction to Exercise Science and Kinesiology - Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the lecture notes on Exercise Science and Kinesiology.

Exercise Science

Umbrella term for the study of movement and the adaptations that occur from physical activity and regular exercise across activity, sport, and athletic performance (ACSM definition).

Kinesiology

Broad study of movement that includes the components of exercise science plus physical education, sport history, and sport sociology.

Kinesiology Roots

Latin roots: KINES- movement; OLOGY- study of.

Exercise Science Today: Umbrella Fields

Subfields under the exercise science umbrella include Athletic Training, Exercise Physiology, Clinical Exercise Physiology, Biomechanics, Nutrition, Psychology, Motor Behavior, Sports Medicine, plus prevention and rehabilitation and performance enhancement.

Society for Health and Physical Education (SHAPE)

Organization that promotes health and physical education; held its first meeting in 1885.

Roots of Exercise Science (Overview)

Historical milestones from ancient scholars (e.g., Hippocrates, Galen) through the Renaissance/Enlightenment and early physiologists (Harvey, Floyer, Keill, Lavoisier, LaPlace) shaping movement science.

Dudley Allen Sargent

MD who contributed to early fitness practice and is regarded as a pioneer in personal training.

Harvard Fatigue Lab

Pioneering research lab focused on fatigue and human performance, influential in exercise science history.

Krauss-Weber Fitness Tests

Post‑World War II fitness assessments showing US children were less fit than European peers.

ACSM Founded (1954)

American College of Sports Medicine founded to advance the field of exercise science.

NATA Founded (1950)

National Athletic Trainers Association established to support athletic training professionals.

NSCA Founded (1978)

National Strength and Conditioning Association founded to advance strength and conditioning practice.

Cooper Clinic

A prominent health and fitness testing center associated with preventive medicine and lifestyle assessment.

Athletic Training

Field within exercise science focused on prevention, assessment, and treatment of injuries; part of the exercise science umbrella.

Exercise Physiology

Study of how the body responds and adapts to exercise at cellular and systemic levels.

Clinical Exercise Physiology

Application of exercise physiology to clinical populations to improve health, prevent disease, and aid rehabilitation.

Biomechanics

Application of mechanical principles to understand and analyze human movement.

Nutrition

Science of nutrients and their roles in energy, health, and athletic performance.

Psychology (Exercise/Sport Psych.)

Study of behavior and mental processes in sport and exercise contexts.

Motor Behavior

Study of how people acquire, control, and learn movement, including motor development.

Prevention and Rehabilitation

Efforts to prevent injuries and to rehabilitate injured individuals.

High School Athletic Participation (Trends)

Trends in the number of high school athletes over time, with totals and gender breakdowns (e.g., 1988-89, 2000-01, 2010-11).

Sedentariness Trends

Trends in the prevalence of overweight/obesity in adults across NHANES time periods, highlighting shifts in activity levels.

Types of Movement: Physical Activity

Any bodily movement that increases energy expenditure beyond rest.

Types of Movement: Exercise

Structured, planned, and purposeful movement aimed at improving fitness.

Types of Movement: Sport/Athletic Performance

Competitive movement aimed at performance in sport.

Types of People

Classification by activity/fitness status: Clinical, Sedentary, Healthy/Active, Trained, Elite.

Personal Trainer

Career path often pursued with a bachelor's degree; provides individualized fitness instruction and programming.

Coach

Career path focused on training and guiding athletes in sport performance.

Preparation for Professional School

Path to PT, OT, Chiropractic, PA, or Medical School; requires prerequisites, entrance exams (GRE/MCAT), letters of recommendation, and interviews.

Preparation for Graduate School

Path to master's or doctoral study; involve program/research, GRE, letters of recommendation, and interviews.

Physical Therapy

Healthcare profession focused on rehabilitation and restoration of function.

Occupational Therapy

Healthcare profession helping individuals perform daily activities and regain independence.

Chiropractic

Healthcare field focusing on musculoskeletal disorders, especially spine and alignment.

Physician Assistant

Medical professional who provides patient care under physician supervision.

Medical School (MD)

Path to becoming a physician; requires prerequisites, MCAT, and interviews.