Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

screening, interventions

Risk Assessment and Health Promotion

-Health promotion includes early ___________, addressing risk factors, guidelines and __________, and counseling skills

-Shared decision making

women, diabetics

What patient populations can have atypical presentations for heart disease?

menopause, hormone

Women Risk Factors for Stroke

-Early _____________, pregnancy, _________ therapy, and preeclampsia

18, individual, family

Step 1: Screening for Global Risk Factors

-Begin routine screening at __ years and assess: _________ risk factors, global risk factors of cardiovascular disease, and ________ history of premature cardiovascular disease

10, lifetime, 40-79, diabetes

Step 2: Calculate __ Year and _________ Cardiovascular Disease Risk

-Use cardiovascular disease risk calculators to establish 10-year and lifetime risk for patients ages __-__ years old

-Risk estimate utilizes age, gender, smoking history, total cholesterol level, HDL cholesterol level, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, and ______.

-New calculators also include ethnicity

smoking, obesity

Step 3: Track Individual Risk Factors

-Hypertension

-Diabetes

-Dyslipidemias

-Metabolic Syndrome

-_________

-Family history

-________

black, systolic, exercise

Individual Risk Factors: Hypertension

-Begin screening for hypertension in adults 18 years or older

-More prevalent in ______ patient populations

-Primary hypertension is the most common cause of HTN

-_________ BP is a better predictor of co-morbid events

-Primary prevention: reduced sodium intake, reduced alcohol intake, regular ________, stress management, and diet

increases, 45, 3, 35-70

Individual Risk Factors: Diabetes

-Prevalence expected to double by 2050

-Unequivocally _________ risk of cardiovascular disease

-Screening initiated at __ years and repeated at _ year intervals. Initiate screening at __-__ years for adults who are overweight/obese

lipid, 35, 45

Individual Risk Factors: Dyslipidemias

-Grade A recommendation for routine ____ screening. Without increased risk for coronary heart disease, you should screen adult men at age __ and women at __. Those with increased risk should be screened at 20-30 (men) and 30-35 (women)

waist, cholesterol, pressure

Individual Risk Factors: Metabolic Syndrome

-Diagnostic criteria = ____ circumference, fasting plasma glucose, HDL __________, triglycerides, and blood __________

-3+ risk factors must be identified

smoking, obesity

Individual Risk Factors: Smoking, Genetics, and Obesity

-________ = most important cause of preventable morbidity and early mortality, which increases risk of coronary heart disease and stroke

-Family history

-_________ = BMI > 30

increase, tobacco, weight, aerobic

Promoting Cardiovascular Health

-__________ physical activity

-Reduce hypertension, ________ use, obesity

-Optimal weight, watch sodium, moderate alcohol consumption, and alter diet

-_______ activity, muscle strength training, and motivate your patients