A&P Marcomolecule Structures & Functions (Carbohydrates)
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16 Terms
What are carbohydrates?
Organic molecules made mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (C,H,O), usually in a 1:2:1 ratio
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Provide short term/quick energy for cells
What is the monomer for carbohydrates?
Monosaccharides
What are examples of monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, ribose, and deoxyribose
What is glucose?
A monosaccharide and the body’s main source of cellular energy
What is a disaccharide?
A carbohydrate made of two monosaccharides joined together
What is a polysaccharide?
A carbohydrate made of many monosaccharides joined together
Example of a polysaccharide?
Glycogen, starch, and cellulose
What is glycogen?
A polysaccharide used to store glucose/energy, mainly in the liver and skeletal muscles
What is starch?
A polysaccharide used by plants to store energy
What is cellulose?
A structural polysaccharide found in plant cell walls
What is dehydration synthesis?
Joins molecules together by removing water (H2O)
What is hydrolysis?
Breaks a larger molecule apart by adding water (H2O)
What is the difference between glucose and glycogen?
Glucose uses individual sugar used for energy, while glycogen uses many glucose molecules stored for later use
Why is glucose important to cells?
Cells break down glucose to produce ATP, which provides usable energy
Which macromolecule provides quick/short term energy?
Carbohydrates