cell membrane and ribosome antibiotic targeting

Cell membrane

WORST target of all for ST

Acts like a detergent= allows lipids to become water soluble

Selective toxicity= neurotoxic, dermatoxic, nephrotoxic

Topical or under medical supervision only

Can cause irreparable damage or kill person

Isolated from bacillus polymyxa

Polymyxin E

Aka Colistin

LAST RESORT

Colistin resistance found in 2015

Polymyxin E

Aka Colistin

LAST RESORT

Colistin resistance found in 2015

Ribosome

Drugs that inhibit translation

Targets either 30s or 50s subunits

Leads to stopping of routine synthesis which leads to bacteria static activity

Bacteriostatic

Broad and narrow

6 different groups

30s target aminoglycosides

Effective against aerobic gram negatives and some Gram positive

Streptomycin

Neomycin

30s target tetracylines

Most broad spectrum

Can treat bacteria and Protozoa infections

Historically used in livestock to increase growth

When in doubt… tetracycline

Also static to good bacteria

-increase chance of skin cancer

-deposits in bone permanently

Doxycycline and minocycline

50s macrolides

Very effective at targeting G+ and G- and both upper and lower respiratory infections

Infection from “belly up” use macrolides

Very low rates of antibiotic resistance

Stay in the body for long periods of time

Alternate to beta lactams

Erythromycin/ “Z pack”

Azithromycin go to

Clarithromycin

50s lincosamides

Only G+ infections

Clindamycin= leading contributor to c diff

50s chloramphenicol

HIGHLY TOXIC= neurotoxic and aplastic anemia (bad blood)

Exclusive for bacterial meningitis and bacterial sepsis

50s oxazolidones

Synthetic

Very new