Zooarch midterm 2: Mammals and Herps

What are the families in the order Rodentia

• Aplodontidae (mountain beaver)

• Sciuridae (squirrels, chipmunk, marmots, etc.)

• Castoridae (beavers (reg))

• Heteromyidae (k-rats, mices, pocket mice, etc.)

• Geomyidae (pocket gopher)

• Dipodidae (jumping mice)

• Cricetidae (cricetid rats and mice)

• Erethizontidae (porcupines)

What order to Pika, Rabbits, and Hares belong to?

Lygomorpha

What families are included in the order Soricomorpha

• Soricidae (shrews)

• Talpidae (moles)

What order do bats belong to?

Chiroptera

What Families belong to the order Carnivora?

• Felidae (cats)

• Canidae (dogs)

• Ursidae (bears)

• Mustelidae (weasels, otters, badgers, etc.)

• Mephitidae (skunks and stink badgers)

• Procyonidae (raccoons, ring tails, coati, etc.)

What Families belong to the Order Artiodactyl?

• Tayassuidae (peccaries)

• Cervidae (deer)

• Antiliocapridae (pronghorns)

• Bovidae (sheep, goat, bison, etc)

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Aplodontiidae, Mountain beaver/Sewelle

osteological notes

• Wedge shaped cranium

• narrow interorbital breadth

• “D-shaped” cheek teeth

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Sciuridae, squirrels, chipmunks, etc.

Osteological features:

• Prominent post-orbital processes (extending laterally)

• “frog feet” cheek teeth

• Multi-rooted teeth

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Castoridae, Beaver

Osteological features:

• Large in size

• Small laterally paired infrorbtial foramina (2)

• Massive incisors

• Lophodont cheek teeth

  • similar to ungulate teeth

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Heteromyidae, k-rats, mice, and pcoket mice

Osteological features:

• Large auditory bulba

• Transverse infraorbital foramina (2)

• Grooved upper incisors

• Lateral flare of angular process (4)

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Dipodidae, jumping mice

Osteological Features:

• Paired anterior facing infraorbital foramina (1)

• Nasalis extends past premaxilla anteriorly

• grooved maxillary incisors

• low zygomatic, extending below palate

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Geomyidae, pocket gopher

Osteological features:

• Temporal sections connect midsagittally and comprise the majority of brain case

• Premaxilla extends past nasals posteriorly (2)

• Small paired incisive foramina (3)

• Posterior orientation of cheek teeth

• Robust coronoid process

• bulbous condyloid + angular processes

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Cricetidae, cricetid rats and mice (ex- woodrats)

Osteological features:

• Narrow interorbital breadth

  • allows for maxilla to be visible from dorsal view

• Long paired incisive foramina

• Large paired anterior facing infraorbital foramina (3)

• Zipper teeth

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Cricetidae, Muskrat

Osteological features:

• Temporal bone with strong anterior projection

• Well developed nuchal crest

• Overall square shape

• Zig-zag cheek teeth

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Rodentia, Erethizontidae, New World Porcupine

Osteological features:

• Overall large skull

• Cheek teeth converge anteriorly

• Most anterior cheek tooth is significantly larger posterior few

• “Extremely large” paired anterior facing infraorbital foramina

List the Order, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Lygamorpha, Pika, Hares, or Rabbits

Osteological features:

• Single rooted molars

• Fused tiba-fibula

• Cranial fenistration

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Soricomorpha, Soricidae, shrew

Osteological features:

• Cranium lacks diastema

• “W-shaped” premolas + molars

• Incomplete auditory bullae

• Central incisors are well developed, projecting anteriorly

• Teeth with red staining

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Soricomorpha, Talpidae, Moles

Osteological features:

• Cranium lacks diastema

• No red staining on teeth

List the Order, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Chiroptera, bats

Osteological features

• Canines well developed

• Maxillary cheek tooth sectorial

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Carnivora, Felidae, Cats

Osteological features

• Cranium round and squat

• flaring zygomatics

• well developed post-orbital processes

• reduced number of cheek teeth

• sectorial carnassials

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Carnivora, Canidae, dog

Osteological fetaures:

• elongated and pointed rostrum

• well developed temporal lines

• well developed saggittal crest

• well developed sectorial carnassials

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Carnivora, Ursidae, Bears

Osteological fetaures:

• Large cranium

• Rostrum elongated, but proportionally short

• Bunodont, broad, flat molars

• Most posterior molar is largest

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Carnivora, Mustelidae, weasels, otters, badgers, etc

Osteological features:

• Dorso-ventral flatten cranium

• well developed carnassials

• Most posterior molar projects medially

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Carnivora, Mephitidae, skunks and stink badgers

Osteological features:

• Dorso-ventral flattened cranium

• well developed carnassials

• Upper molars wider than long

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Carnivora, Procyonidae, raccoons, ringtail, coati, etc

Osteological features:

• Six upper cheek teeth

• Lack of carnassials

• Broad, flattened molars

What order contains two-toed Ungulates

Artiodactyls

What families are included in North American Artiodactyls?

• Tayassuidae

• Cervidae

• Antilocapridae

• Bovidae

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Artiodactyls, Tayassuidae, Peccaries

Osteological Features:

• No frontal appendages (1)

• Well developed, tusk-like canines in mandible

• Present upper incisors

• Cheek teeth bunodont

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Artiodactyle, Cervidae, deer etc

Osteological Features:

• Loss of bone between lacrimal and nasal (1)

• No distinct separation between enameled crown and root of cheek teeth

• Angular process of mandible rounded with posterior extension

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Artiodactyle, Antilocapridae, pronghorns

Osteological features:

• Horns arise form cranium above orbits

• No distinct separation between enameled crown and root of cheek teeth

• Bone loss between lacrimal and nasal, no contact between bones as observed in cervids

List the Order, Family, common name, and diagnostic osteological features

Artiodactyle, Bovidae, sheep, goats, etc

Osteological features:

• Permanent horns, present in both sexes (unlike cervids)

• No distinct separation between enameled crown and root of cheek teeth

• Lacrimal contact nasals, no bone loss in lacrimal region

Taxa

Class: Reptilla; Order: Testudines

Name the element (1)

Cranium

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Cervical vertebra

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Scapula

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Precoracoid

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Coracoid

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Humerus

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Ulna

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Radius

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Carpals

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Metacaparls

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Phalanges

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Pubis

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Ischium

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Femur

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Tibia

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Fibula

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Tarsals

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Metatarsals

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Caudal Vertebra

Name the element (20)

Phalanges

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Ribs

What class do amphibians being to

Amphibia

What order to frogs belong to?

Anura

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Premaxilla

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Maxilla

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Fronto-parietal

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Parasphenoid

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Pterygoid

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Exocciptial

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Squamosal

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Quadratojugal

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Ethmoid

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Palatine

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Prootic

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Nasal

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Vomer

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Columella

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Quadrate

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Premaxilla

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Maxilla

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Fronto-parietal

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Parasphenoid

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Pterygoid

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Exoccipital

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Squamosal

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Quadratojugal

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Nasal

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Vomer

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Columella

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Quadrate

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Dentary

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Dentary

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Angulo-splenial

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Mento-mekalian

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Vertebra

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Urostyle

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Sacrum

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Scapula

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Clavicle

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Suprascapula

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Coracoid

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Omosternum

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Sternum

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Xiphisternum

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Humerus

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Radio-ulna

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